s: More joy than from all future pride or praise,


s: Which kindle manhood, but can ne'er entrance


s: That hath a memory, or that had a heart?


s: Alas! her star must fade like that of Dian:


s: Ray fades on ray, as years on years depart.


s: Unwithering myrtle round the unblunted dart


s: Of Eros: but though thou hast play'd us many tricks,


s: Still we respect thee, 'Alma Venus Genetrix!'


s: And full of sentiments, sublime as billows


s: Heaving between this world and worlds beyond,


s: Don Juan, when the midnight hour of pillows


s: Rather than rest. Instead of poppies, willows


s: Waved o'er his couch; he meditated, fond


s: Of those sweet bitter thoughts which banish sleep,


s: And make the worldling sneer, the youngling weep.


s: The night was as before: he was undrest,


s: Saving his night-gown, which is an undress;


s: Completely 'sans culotte,' and without vest;


s: In short, he hardly could be clothed with less:


s: He sate with feelings awkward to express


s: (By those who have not had such visitations),


s: Expectant of the ghost's fresh operations.


s: And not in vain he listen'd;--Hush! what 's that?


s: Ye powers! it is the--the--the--Pooh! the cat!


s: The devil may take that stealthy pace of his!


s: And dreading the chaste echoes of her shoe.


s: Again--what is 't? The wind? No, no--this time


s: Or (as rhymes may be in these days) much more.


s: Again through shadows of the night sublime,


s: When deep sleep fell on men, and the world wore


s: The starry darkness round her like a girdle


s: Spangled with gems--the monk made his blood curdle.


s: A noise like to wet fingers drawn on glass,


s: Which sets the teeth on edge; and a slight clatter,


s: Like showers which on the midnight gusts will pass,


s: Came over Juan's ear, which throbb'd, alas!


s: So that even those whose faith is the most great


s: In souls immortal, shun them tete-a-tete.


s: Were his eyes open?--Yes! and his mouth too.


s: Yet leave the gate which eloquence slips through


s: As wide as if a long speech were to come.


s: Nigh and more nigh the awful echoes drew,


s: Stated) his mouth. What open'd next?--the door.


s: Like that of hell. 'Lasciate ogni speranza


s: Voi che entrate!' The hinge seem'd to speak,


s: Dreadful as Dante's rhima, or this stanza;


s: Or--but all words upon such themes are weak:


s: A single shade 's sufficient to entrance


s: Hero--for what is substance to a spirit?


s: Or how is 't matter trembles to come near it?


s: The door flew wide,--not swiftly, but, as fly


s: The sea-gulls, with a steady, sober flight,


s: And then swung back, nor close, but stood awry,


s: Half letting in long shadows on the light,


s: Which still in Juan's candlesticks burned high,


s: And in the doorway, darkening darkness, stood


s: Between two worlds life hovers like a star,


s: 'Twixt night and morn, upon the horizon's verge.


s: How little do we know that which we are!


s: How less what we may be! The eternal surge


s: Of time and tide rolls on, and bears afar


s: Our bubbles; as the old burst, new emerge,


s: Lash'd from the foam of ages; while the graves


s: Of empires heave but like some passing waves.


s: Don Juan shook, as erst he had been shaken


s: The night before, but being sick of shaking,


s: He first inclined to think he had been mistaken,


s: And then to be ashamed of such mistaking.


s: Within him and to quell his corporal quaking,


s: And then his dread grew wrath, and his wrath fierce,


s: And he arose, advanced. The shade retreated,


s: But Juan, eager now the truth to pierce,


s: Followed, his veins no longer cold, but heated,


s: Resolved to thrust the mystery carte and tierce,


s: The ghost stopped, menaced, then retired, until


s: He reached the ancient wall, then stood stone still.


s: It touched no soul nor body, but the wall,


s: On which the moonbeams fell in silvery showers


s: Checkered with all the tracery of the hall.


s: He shuddered, as no doubt the bravest cowers


s: When he can't tell what 'tis that doth appal.


s: Should cause more fear than a whole host's identity.


s: But still the shade remained, the blue eyes glared,


s: Yet one thing rather good the grave had spared;


s: The ghost had a remarkably sweet breath.


s: A straggling curl showed he had been fair-haired.


s: A red lip with two rows of pearls beneath


s: Gleamed forth, as through the casement's ivy shroud


s: The moon peeped, just escaped from a grey cloud.


s: And Juan, puzzled but still curious, thrust


s: His other arm forth. Wonder upon wonder!


s: It pressed upon a hard but glowing bust,


s: Which beat as if there was a warm heart under.


s: He found, as people on most trials must,


s: That he had made at first a silly blunder


s: Only the wall, instead of what he sought


s: The ghost, if ghost it were, seemed a sweet soul


s: Forth into something much like flesh and blood.


s: Back fell the sable frock and dreary cowl


s: And they revealed, alas, that ere they should,


s: In full, voluptuous, but not o'ergrown bulk,


s: The phantom of her frolic Grace--Fita-Fulke!


s: The world is full of orphans: firstly, those


s: Who are so in the strict sense of the phrase


s: (But many a lonely tree the loftier grows


s: Than others crowded in the forest's maze);


s: The next are such as are not doomed to lose


s: Their tender parents in their budding days,


s: Which leaves them orphans of the heart no less.


s: The next are 'only children', as they are styled,


s: Who grow up children only, since the old saw


s: Pronounces that an 'only' 's a spoilt child.


s: That where their education, harsh or mild,


s: 'Transgresses the great bounds of love or awe,


s: The sufferers, be't in heart or intellect,


s: Whate'er the cause are orphans in effect.


s: (As far as words make rules), our common notion


s: Of orphans paints at once a parish school,


s: A half-starved babe, a wreck upon life's ocean,


s: A human (what the Italians nickname) 'mule',


s: The wealthiest orphans are to be more pitied.


s: Too soon they are parents to themselves; for what


s: Are tutors, guardians, and so forth, compared


s: A child of Chancery, that Star Chamber ward


s: (I'll take the likeness I can first come at),


s: Is like a duckling by Dame Partlett reared


s: And frights, especially if 'tis a daughter,


s: The old hen by running headlong to the water.


s: Which glibly glides from every vulgar tongue


s: 'If you are right, then everybody's wrong.'


s: 'If you are wrong, then everybody's right.'


s: Therefore I would solicit free discussion


s: Upon all points, no matter what or whose,


s: Heedless of pricks because it was obtuse.


s: A something like it, as bear witness Luther.


s: And witches unto none, though somewhat late


s: Mischief in families, as some know or knew,


s: Should still be singed, but slightly let me state)


s: Malgé  Sir Matthew Hale's great humanity.


s: Because he fixed it, and to stop his talking


s: How earth could round the solar orbit run,


s: Found his own legs embargoed from mere walking.


s: The man was well nigh dead, ere men begun


s: To think his skull had not some need of caulking,


s: But now it seems he's right, his notion just,


s: Might be filled up, as vainly as before,


s: With the sad usage of all sorts of sages,


s: Who in his lifetime each was deemed a bore.


s: This they must bear with and perhaps much more.


s: The wise man's sure when he no more can share it, he


s: Will have a firm post-obit on posterity.


s: If such doom waits each intellectual giant,


s: To life's small rubs should surely be more pliant,


s: Would that I were less bilious--but oh fie on't!


s: Modest I am, yet with some slight assurance;


s: Changeable too, yet somehow idem semper;


s: Patient, but not enamoured of endurance;


s: Cheerful, but sometimes rather apt to whimper;


s: Mild, but at times a sort of Hercules furens;


s: So that I almost think that the same skin


s: For one without has two or three within.


s: Such as enables man to show his strength


s: Whether his virtue triumphed, or at length


s: His vice--for he was of a kindling nation--


s: Is more than I shall venture to describe,


s: Unless some beauty with a kiss should bribe.


s: I leave the thing a problem, like all things.


s: The morning came, and breakfast, tea and toast,


s: Of which most men partake, but no one sings.


s: The company, whose birth, wealth, worth have cost


s: My trembling lyre already several strings,


s: Assembled with our hostess and mine host.


s: The guests dropped in, the last but one, Her Grace,


s: Which best is to encounter, ghost or none,


s: 'Twere difficult to say, but Juan looked


s: As if he had combated with more than one,


s: Being wan and worn, with eyes that hardly brooked


s: The light that through the Gothic windows shone.


s: Her Grace too had a sort of air rebuked,


s: Seemed pale and shivered, as if she had kept


s: A vigil or dreamt rather more than slept.


s: The Metamorphoses of Ovid are a compendium of the Mythological


s: connected with the learning, traditions, manners, and customs of


s: To render the work, which, from its nature and design, must, of


s: explanations, the reader will not be surprised at the absence of


s: Chaos is divided by the Deity into four Elements: to these their


s: Influenced by the example of the Muses, Pallas determines on the


s: Up to the age of fifty Ovid had lived a life of prosperity and


s: coincident with this publication was the discovery of the scandal


s: My design leads me to speak of forms changed into new bodies. Ye


s: new forms;’ and they fancy that there is a certain beauty in the


s: transposition of words. This supposition is perhaps based rather


s: accidental; while the passage may be explained without any


s: reference to Hypallage, as the word ‘forma’ is sometimes used to


s: signify the thing itself; thus the words ‘formæ deorum’ and


s: ‘ferarum’ are used to signify ‘the Gods,’ or ‘the wild beasts’


s: ‘adspirate’ is a metaphor taken from the winds, which, while they


s: sufficiently long or elaborate for a work of so grave and


s: dignified a nature as the Metamorphoses.]


s: God reduces Chaos into order. He separates the four elements, and


s: account of his supposed father, Hyperion, who was one of the


s: Titans. Hyperion is thought to have been the first who, by


s: from the Greek φοῖβος, ‘shining,’ and as being the sister of


s: Oceanus and Doris, and the wife of Neptune, God of the Sea. Being


s: operations are ascribed all those phenomena which it is found


s: difficult or impossible to explain upon known and established


s: principles. In the present instance it may be considered to mean


s: natura,’ ‘God, or in other words, nature.’]


s: called ‘convex,’ from being supposed to assume the same shape as


s: the terrestrial globe which they surround.]


s: be here understood in the presence of ‘infima,’ or as signifying


s: ‘last,’ or ‘lowest,’ in a strict philosophical sense, for that


s: would contradict the account of the formation of the world given


s: by Hesiod, and which is here closely followed by Ovid; indeed, it


s: solidum orbem.’ The meaning seems to be, that the waters possess


s: the lowest place only in respect to the earth whereon we tread,


s: and not relatively to the terrestrial globe, the supposed centre


s: of the system, inasmuch as the external surface of the earth in


s: It is clear that this system was but a confused and disfigured


s: He commanded the plains, too, to be extended, the valleys to sink


s: either these he placed as many more, and gave them a temperate


s: expression the Poet perhaps may intend to intimate that the God


s: stream of Arethusa, the Lycus in Asia, the Erasinus in Argolis,


s: appear again and discharge their waters into the sea.]


s: considered as being remarkably sublime and appropriate, and


s: serving well to express the ease wherewith an infinitely powerful


s: beauty here that was long since remarked by Longinus, one of the


s: most celebrated critics among the ancients, in the words used by


s: Moses, ‘And God said, Let there be light, and there was light,’


s: divided the heavens into five parallel circles. First, the


s: equinoctial, which lies in the middle, between the poles of the


s: earth, and obtains its name from the equality of days and nights


s: on the earth while the sun is in its plane. On each side are the


s: two tropics, at the distance of 23 deg. 30 min., and described by


s: the summer and winter solstices. That on the north side of the


s: equinoctial is called the tropic of Cancer, because the sun


s: describes it when in that sign of the ecliptic; and that on the


s: south side is, for a similar reason, called the tropic of


s: Capricorn. Again, at the distance of 23½ degrees from the poles


s: are two other parallels called the polar circles, either because


s: they are near to the poles, or because, if we suppose the whole


s: frame of the heavens to turn round on the plane of the


s: equinoctial, these circles are marked out by the poles of the


s: ecliptic. By means of these parallels, astronomers have divided


s: divides into two equal parts. On each side of this are the


s: temperate zones, which extend from the tropics to the two polar


s: circles. And lastly, the portions enclosed by the polar circles


s: make up the frigid zones. As the planes of these circles produced


s: heavens, astronomers have conceived five zones upon the earth,


s: corresponding to those in the heavens, and bounded by the same


s: ecliptic in which the sun moves, cuts the equator in two opposite


s: revolution of this circle, must in that time be twice vertical to


s: uninhabitable. Modern discovery has shown that this is not the


s: case as to a considerable part of the torrid zone, though with


s: some parts of it our acquaintance is still very limited.]


s: frigid zones. For as the sun never approaches these nearer than


s: the tropic on that side, and is, during one part of the year,


s: removed by the additional extent of the whole torrid zone, his


s: rays must be very oblique and faint, so as to leave these tracts


s: zones, lying between the torrid and the frigid, partake of the


s: character of each in a modified degree, and are of a middle


s: temperature between hot and cold. Here, too, the distinction of


s: the seasons is manifest. For in either temperate zone, when the


s: sun is in that tropic, which borders upon it, being nearly


s: vertical, the heat must be considerable, and produce summer; but


s: degrees, his rays will strike but faintly, and winter will be the


s: being so called from its name, because it blows from the east. As


s: rises eastward, she was supposed to have her habitation in the


s: eastern quarter of the world; and often, in the language of


s: ancient poetry, her name signifies the east.]


s: learn that Nabath, the son of Ishmael, with his eleven brothers,


s: call their capital Petra. Tacitus, in his Annals (Book ii.


s: ch. 57), speaks of them as having a king. Perhaps the term


s: ‘Nabathæa regna’ implies here, generally, the whole of Arabia.]


s: called by a Greek derivation because they cherish and enliven


s: of Scythia, the ancients generally comprehended all the countries


s: our time by the name of Charles’s Wain. Boreas, one of the names


s: of ‘Aquilo,’ or the ‘north wind,’ is derived from a Greek word,


s: signifying ‘an eddy.’ This name was probably given to it from its


s: Mediterranean sea on the coast of France and Italy, it generally


s: doubt what the Poet here means by the ‘forms of the Gods.’ Some


s: think that the stars are meant, as if it were to be understood


s: that they are forms of the Gods. But it is most probably only a


s: poetical expression for the Gods themselves, and he here assigns


s: the heavens as the habitation of the Gods and the stars; these


s: last, according to the notion of the Platonic philosophers being


s: either intelligent beings, or guided and actuated by such.]


s: ‘Cesserunt nitidis habitandæ piscibus;’ Clarke translates ‘fell


s: chapter of Genesis, ver. 28. ‘And God said unto them--_have


s: dominion_ over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air,


s: Genesis, is the last work of the Creator, and was, for the same


s: purpose, that man might have dominion over the other animated


s: Some writers have labored to prove that this Prometheus, of the


s: mankind how to produce fire from the flint and steel.


s: “tuba” was a straight trumpet, while the ‘lituus’ was bent into a


s: trumpet, and that it was employed by Romulus when he proclaimed


s: the title of his newly-founded city. Acro says that it was


s: peculiar to the cavalry, while the ‘tuba’ belonged to the


s: The Age of Brass succeeded, as the third {in order}, after these;


s: And not only was the rich soil required to furnish corn and due


s: {Deities} to abandon the Earth, {now} drenched in slaughter.


s: signifies among other things, a vein or track of metal as it lies


s: carinæ.’ This line is translated by Clarke, ‘The keel-pieces


s: more by bribes than the sword, and used to say, that he deemed no


s: parents were likely to die, and to leave them their property.]


s: Justice. On leaving the earth, she was supposed to have taken her


s: The Poet here informs us, that during the Golden Age, a perpetual


s: Olympus, and struck Ossa away from Pelion, that lay beneath it.


s: While the dreadful carcasses lay overwhelmed beneath their own


s: Pelion. These the Giants are said to have heaped one on another,


s: The war of the giants, which is here mentioned, is not to be


s: confounded with that between Jupiter and the Titans, who were


s: inhabitants of heaven. The fall of the angels, as conveyed by


s: tradition, probably gave rise to the story of the Titans; while,


s: perhaps, the building of the tower of Babel may have laid the


s: foundation of that of the attempt by the giants to reach heaven.


s: There is a way on high, easily seen in a clear sky, and which,


s: gives a description of the court of heaven; and supposing the


s: galaxy, or Milky Way, to be the great road to the palace of


s: Jupiter, places the habitations of the Gods on each side of it,


s: and adjoining the palace itself. The mythologists also invented a


s: milk of Juno flowing from the mouth of Hercules, when suckled by


s: her. Aristotle, however, suspected what has been since confirmed


s: Jupiter as one, they were twelve in number, and are enumerated by


s: of Jupiter, the sanction by which he confirms his decrees, is an


s: idea taken from Homer; by whom it is so vividly depicted at the


s: duration of their existence depending upon the life of particular


s: matter of doubt whether he here refers to the conspiracies of


s: Brutus and Cassius against Julius Cæsar, or whether to that


s: against Augustus, which is mentioned by Suetonius, in the


s: probably this is the circumstance here alluded to.]


s: Cyllene, was a mountain of Arcadia, sacred to Mercury, who was


s: people of Epirus, on the eastern side of the Ambracian gulf. Ovid


s: Molossus, the son of Neoptolemus, long after the time of Lycaon.


s: Besides, as Burmann observes, who could believe that ‘wars could


s: punishment was awarded to the Penates, or household Gods of


s: Lycaon, for taking such a miscreant under their protection.]


s: related by the Poet. This solution is given by Pausanias, in his


s: Arcadica. We are also told by that historian, and by Suidas, that


s: The standing corn is beaten down, and the expectations of the


s: ages, corn or wheaten flour, was the customary offering to the


s: Deities, and not frankincense, which was introduced among the


s: luxuries of more refined times. Ovid is consequently guilty of an


s: informs us that the Sibyls predicted that the world should perish


s: Quæstiones Naturales, mentions the same destined termination of


s: the present state of the universe. It was a doctrine of the Stoic


s: sinusque,’ is quaintly translated by Clarke, ‘his wings and the


s: swimming among the sheep without devouring them. Seneca is,


s: however, too severe upon our author in saying that he is trifling


s: sheep and wolves are doing: for he gravely means to say, that the


s: Pausanias makes mention of five deluges. The two most celebrated


s: represented by Deucalion and Pyrrha. Both Noah and Deucalion were


s: region of Bœotia; and Actæa was an ancient name of Attica, from


s: a river near Delphi. There was another Corycian cave in Cilicia,


s: the name of the shell-fish from which the Tyrian purple, so much


s: valued by the ancients, was procured. Some suppose that the


s: meaning here is, that Triton had his shoulders tinted with the


s: purple color of the murex. It is, however, more probable that the


s: Tritons, or minor sea gods. The one mentioned here, the chief


s: Triton, was fabled to be the son of Neptune and Amphitrite, who


s: always preceded Neptune in his course, and whose arrival he was


s: wont to proclaim by the sound of his shell. He was usually


s: represented as swimming, with the upper part of his body


s: ‘Buccina,’ or, as we call it, ‘the conch shell,’ was a kind of


s: horn, or trumpet, made out of a shell, called ‘buccinum.’ It was


s: sometimes artificially curved, and sometimes straight, retaining


s: the original form of the shell. The twisted form of the shell was


s: shell. It was chiefly used among the Romans, to proclaim the


s: watches of the day and of the night, which watches were thence


s: called ‘buccina prima,’ ‘secunda,’ etc. It was also blown at


s: funerals, and at festive entertainments, both before sitting down


s: ‘buccinæ’ were fixed on the roof of the temple of Saturn.]


s: was ‘to sound the retreat,’ as the signal for the soldiers to


s: cease fighting, and to resume their march.]


s: terseness and brevity, as depicting by their short detached


s: sentences the instantaneous effect produced by the commands of


s: Neptune in reducing his dominions to a state of order.]


s: Epimetheus being the sons of Iapetus. It is in an extended sense


s: that he styles her ‘sister,’ she being really his cousin.]


s: the story of his father, Prometheus, having formed men of clay,


s: and animated them with fire stolen from heaven.]


s: Deucalion and Pyrrha re-people the earth by casting stones behind


s: Cephisus rises on Mount Parnassus, and flows near Delphi.]


s: custom of the ancients, before entering a temple, either to


s: sprinkle themselves with water, or to wash the body all over.]


s: worship, either as a mark of humility, or, according to Plutarch,


s: interrupt the performance of the rites.]


s: propensity for punning, he alludes to the use of the word ‘vena,’


s: The Earth, being warmed by the heat of the sun, produces many


s: for its inundations, which happen regularly every year, and


s: which, settling upon the land, enrich it, and continually


s: Diomedes; others, again, say by Eurylochus the Thessalian; and


s: others, by Amphictyon, or Adrastus. The Pythian games were


s: celebrated near Delphi, on the Crissæan plain, which contained a


s: race-course, a stadium of 1000 feet in length, and a theatre, in


s: which the musical contests took place. They were once held at


s: Athens, by the advice of Demetrius Poliorcetes, because the


s: Ætolians were in possession of the passes round Delphi. They


s: were most probably originally a religious ceremonial, and were


s: perhaps only a musical contest, which consisted in singing a hymn


s: cithara. In later times, gymnastic and equestrian games and


s: exercises were introduced there. Previously to the 48th Olympiad,


s: year; after that period they were held at the end of every fourth


s: time of the Emperor Julian they still continued to be held.]


s: prize which was originally given to the conquerors in the Pythian


s: The story of the serpent Python, being explained on philosophical


s: The Delian {God}, proud of having lately subdued the serpent, had


s: properties of simples are subjected to me. Ah, wretched me! that


s: virgin; he swift with hopes, she with fear.


s: presented to the Latian chieftains, when the joyous voice of the


s: soldiers shall sing the song of triumph, and the long procession


s: from having been born in the Isle of Delos, in the Ægean Sea. The


s: the hair. It was worn by maidens and by married women also; but


s: character, or even by the ‘libertinæ,’ or female slaves who had


s: been liberated; so that it was not only deemed an emblem of


s: the Gods of Marriage; hence the name ‘Hymen’ was given to the


s: that it was the custom in the bridal procession to carry five


s: torches before the bride, on her way to the house of her husband.


s: hearth of the bride, and was borne before her by a boy, whose


s: parents were alive. The torch was also used at funerals, for the


s: purpose of lighting the pile, and because funerals were often


s: nocturnal ceremonies. Hence the expression of Propertius,--


s: ‘Vivimus inter utramque facem,’ ‘We are living between the two


s: torches.’ Originally, the ‘tædæ’ seem to have been slips or


s: lengths of resinous pine wood: while the ‘fax’ was formed of a


s: bundle of wooden staves, either bound by a rope drawn round them


s: in a spiral form, or surrounded by circular bands at equal


s: distances. They were used by travellers and others, who were


s: who has thrown his torch there on the approach of morning.]


s: of Ionia, famed for a temple and oracle of Apollo, and near which


s: cultivators of the medical art pretended to nothing beyond an


s: allegorically saying that Apollo, or the Sun, was the discoverer


s: occurs in the Heroides, v. 149, ‘Me miseram, quod amor non est


s: represented as a youth, and was supposed never to grow old. The


s: Scholiast on the Thebais of Statius, b. i., v. 694, says, ‘The


s: here mentioned, to account for his ardent pursuit of the flying


s: here of the flight of Apollo after Daphne, to that of the


s: greyhound after the hare, is considered to be very beautifully


s: Forest, has evidently imitated this passage, where he describes


s: ‘Not half so swift the trembling doves can fly,


s: When the fierce eagle cleaves the liquid sky;


s: Not half so swiftly the fierce eagle moves,


s: When through the clouds he drives the trembling doves;


s: As from the God she flew with furious pace,


s: Or as the God more furious urged the chase.


s: Now fainting, sinking, pale, the nymph appears;


s: Now close behind, his sounding steps she hears;


s: And now his shadow reach’d her as she run,


s: His shadow lengthened by the setting sun;


s: And now his shorter breath, with sultry air,


s: Pants on her neck, and fans her parting hair.’


s: The greyhound was probably called ‘canis Gallicus,’ from having


s: been originally introduced into Italy from Gaul. ‘Vertagus’ was


s: their Gallic name, which we find used by Martial, and Gratian in


s: virgo est’ is translated by Clarke, ‘So is the God and the young


s: lady;’ indeed, he mostly translates ‘virgo,’ ‘young lady.’]


s: ‘Remanet nitor unus in illa,’ ‘her neatness alone continues in


s: the instrument of Apollo, were crowned with laurel, in the scenic


s: wreathed with laurel; and after the time of Julius Cæsar, the


s: Roman general, when triumphing, wore a laurel wreath on his head,


s: the civic crown of oak leaves which, by order of the Senate, was


s: placed before the gate of the Palatium, where Augustus Cæsar


s: resided, with branches of laurel on either side of it.]


s: congratulate, or whether console the parent; the poplar-bearing


s: Spercheus, and the restless Enipeus, the aged Apidanus, the


s: gentle Amphrysus, and Æas, and, soon after, the other rivers,


s: Thessaly, proverbial for its pleasantness and the beauty of its


s: scenery. The river Peneus ran through it, but not with the


s: violence which Ovid here depicts; for Ælian tells us that it runs


s: spray, which in the fineness of its particles resembles smoke.]


s: stream, flowing at the foot of Mount Æta into the Malian Gulf,


s: Othrys, and runs through Thessaly. Virgil (Georgics, iv. 468)


s: calls it ‘Altus Enipeus,’ the deep Enipeus.]


s: stream of the Enipeus at Pharsalia, flows into the Peneus. It is


s: supposed by some commentators to be here called ‘senex,’ aged,


s: from the slowness of its tide. But where it unites the Enipeus it


s: having been known and celebrated by the poets from of old.]


s: through Epirus and Thessaly, and discharging itself into the


s: now known as the Naio. It took its rise either in Lycæus or


s: Artemisium, mountains of Arcadia. Stephens, however, thinks that


s: Argive territory, where the poets say that the dragon with seven


s: heads, called Hydra, which was slain by Hercules, had made his


s: haunt. It is not improbable that the pestilential vapors of this


s: spot were got rid of by means of its being drained under the


s: superintendence of Hercules, on which fact the story was founded.


s: The Greek authors, Apollodorus, Strabo, Diodorus Siculus, and


s: Jupiter, having changed Io into a cow, to conceal her from the


s: hair. After he had put these things in order, the son of Jupiter


s: The keeper appointed by Juno, charmed by the sound of this new


s: abundant for thy flock; and thou seest, too, that the shade is


s: the words, ‘nitentem juvencam,’ a neat heifer.]


s: manebant.’ This is a metaphorical expression, taken from military


s: station, when they keep watch and ward.]


s: called ‘Petasus.’ It had broad brims, and was not unlike the


s: ‘causia,’ or Macedonian hat, except that the brims of the latter


s: explanation of each circumstance attending them, either upon a


s: philosophical, or an historical principle of solution.


s: Then the God says, “In the cold mountains of Arcadia, among the


s: both a mountain and a city of Arcadia, in the Peloponnesus.]


s: whose names was Ortygia, from the quantity of quails, ὄρτυγες,


s: Arcadia, flowing into the Alpheus: its banks were covered with


s: vast quantities of reeds. Ovid here calls its stream ‘placidum;’


s: whereas in the fifth book of the Fasti, l. 89, he calls it


s: ‘rapax,’ ‘violent;’ and in the second book of the Fasti, l. 274,


s: its waters are said to be ‘citæ aquæ,’ swift waters. Some


s: produce of the banks of the River Ladon, from which circumstance


s: Syrinx may have been styled the daughter of that river.


s: The Cyllenian God being about to say such things, perceived that


s: called from Cyllene, in Arcadia, where he was born.]


s: translates ‘Adopertaque lumina somno,’ ‘and his peepers covered


s: Io, terrified and maddened with dreadful visions, runs over many


s: To her, at length, Epaphus is believed to have been born from the


s: and briskly wends his way to the rising of his sire.


s: ‘Pellicis Argolicæ,’ ‘of the Grecian miss.’]


s: book, tells us, that this son of Jupiter, by Io, was the same as


s: that Epaphus was the son of Io, by Telegonus, who married her.]


s: marrying the Nymph Clymene, was either the stepfather of Phaëton,


s: the time of Ovid, was generally looked upon as one of the regions


s: sidereis,’ means here the ‘heat,’ or ‘fire of the sun,’ the sun


s: being considered as a ‘sidus,’ or ‘luminous heavenly body.’]


s: killed Argus with a stone, and turned Hierax into a spar-hawk.


s: sounding {with his shell}, and the changing Proteus, and Ægeon,


s: garment, Phœbus was seated on a throne sparkling with brilliant


s: sometimes he looks back upon the East. Ignorant what to do, he is


s: once most famed for its springs; and Helicon, the resort of the


s: Virgin {Muses}, and Hæmus, not yet {called} Œagrian. Ætna burns


s: be despoiled of its snows, and Mimas, and Dindyma, and


s: Mycale, and Cithæron, created for {the performance of} sacred


s: waters of Pirene. Nor do rivers that have got banks distant in


s: situation, remain {secure}; Tanais smokes in the midst of its


s: waters, and the aged Peneus, and Teuthrantian Caïcus, and rapid


s: Ismenus, with Phocean Erymanthus, and Xanthus again to burn,


s: and yellow Lycormas, and Mæander, which sports with winding


s: streams, and the Mygdonian Melas, and the Tænarian Eurotas. The


s: Alpheus boils; the banks of Spercheus burn; and the gold which


s: channels, without any stream. The same fate dries up the Ismarian


s: penetrates into Tartarus, and startles the Infernal King with his


s: survives, and provide for the preservation of the universe.”


s: with Briareus. According to another account, which Ovid here


s: follows, he was a sea God, the son of Oceanus and Terra.]


s: the wife of Nereus, and the mother of the fifty Nereids.]


s: this line,--“Add, too, that the heaven was whisked round with a


s: Sagittarius: while others say that Crotus, or Croto, the son of


s: Eupheme, the nurse of the Muses, was thus honored.]


s: is some obscurity in this passage, arising from the mode of


s: in the plane of the equator. This last is what he calls ‘directos


s: namely, the two polar circles, the two tropics, and the


s: equinoctial. The latter runs exactly in the middle, between the


s: other two circles, so that the expression must be understood to


s: mean, ‘pursue not your way directly through that circle which is


s: the middlemost of the five, but observe the track that cuts it


s: renders these lines.--‘Thus does the chariot give jumps into the


s: air without its usual weight, and is kicked up on high, and is


s: Clarke’s translation of these two lines,--‘They say, too, that


s: you, Boötes, scowered off in a mighty bustle, although you were


s: range which ran through the middle of Cilicia, in Asia Minor.]


s: mountain of Lydia, famed for its wines and saffron. Pactolus,


s: a stream with sands reputed to be golden, took its rise there.]


s: divided Thessaly from Doris and Phocis; famed for the death of


s: Balkan range, was a lofty chain of mountains running through


s: now called San Juliano. On it, a magnificent temple was erected,


s: Ionian Sea. It was of very great height; whence Homer calls it


s: ὑψίκρημνος.]


s: Phrygia, near Troy, sacred to Cybele, the mother of the Gods.]


s: blackness of the African tribes was produced by the heat of the


s: turned black by the heat thereof, became of black appearance


s: Mauritania and Cyrene. The Greek writers, however, often use the


s: word to signify the whole of Africa. Servius gives a trifling


s: derivation for the name, in saying that Libya was so called,


s: because λείπει ὁ ὕετος, ‘it is without rain.’]


s: near Lerna, into which the Nymph, Amymone, the daughter of Lycus,


s: spring Pyrene, of extreme brightness and purity and sacred to the


s: Arcadia, which, rising in a mountain of that name, fell into the


s: Ætolia, which was afterwards known by the name of Evenus.]


s: flowing between Lydia and Caria; it was said to have 600 windings


s: rivers of Thrace, Thessaly, and Asia, on account of the darkness


s: of the color of their waters; the name was derived from the Greek


s: river of Laconia, which flowed under the walls of the city of


s: Sparta, and discharged itself into the sea near the promontory of


s: Cappadocia, near which the Amazons were said to dwell.]


s: rivers in Asia, and discharges itself into the Persian Gulf; and


s: its source to the confines of Germany; and thence, in its course


s: were rivers of Thrace. Ismarus was a mountain of that country,


s: country,’ was a general name of not only Spain and Gaul, but even


s: France. The Padus, or Po, and the Tiber, are rivers of Italy.]


s: of islands in the Ægean Sea, surrounding Delos as though with a


s: things.’ So Virgil calls it ‘omniparens.’]


s: Mauritania, which, by reason of its height, was said to support


s: chaos antiquum confundimur,’ ‘We are then jumbled into the old


s: If we were to regard this fable solely as an allegory intended to


s: command of Joshua, may have been the foundation of the story. St.


s: Plutarch and Tzetzes tell us that Phaëton was a king of the


s: The sisters of Phaëton are changed into poplars, and their tears


s: become amber distilling from those trees.


s: complaints; and they lie scattered about the tomb.


s: Thence tears flow forth; and amber distilling from the new-formed


s: Naiads of Italy. They were by name Phaëthusa, Lampetie, and


s: perhaps, in this line some faint reference to a tradition of the


s: sun having, in the language of Scripture, ‘stood still upon


s: Gibeon, in his course, by the command of Joshua, when dispensing


s: the divine vengeance upon the Amorites,’ Joshua, x. 13. Or of the


s: Cycnus, the son of Sthenelus, was present at this strange event;


s: Ethiopians, as Ovid, in the next line, says was the case. This


s: overcome with grief, which gave rise to the story that they were


s: Phaëton and his sisters was utterly unknown to the inhabitants of


s: But the omnipotent father surveys the vast walls of heaven, and


s: generation had {ever} cut. Here she puts her quiver off from her


s: as presiding over and worshipped in the places where three roads


s: met, which were called ‘trivia.’ Being known as Diana on earth,


s: the Moon in the heavens, and Proserpine in the infernal regions,


s: she was represented at these places with three faces; those of a


s: horse, a dog, and a female; the latter being in the middle.]


s: {Thus} she spoke; and seizing her straight in front by the hair,


s: There was no one more beauteous in all Hæmonia than Larissæan


s: too familiarly, renders ‘importuna,’ ‘plaguy baggage.’]


s: version would have been, perhaps, more appropriate than in the


s: given at the end of the story, we may here add the curious one


s: offered by Palæphatus. He says that Calisto was a huntress who


s: that she had been transformed into a bear.]


s: of Thessaly, and was situate on the river Peneus.]


s: adulterium Phœbeius,’ is translated by Clarke, ‘but the Phœban


s: violence, and followed me. I fled, and I left the firm shore, and


s: ‘contention,’ and ‘earth,’ Strabo imagines that he was the son of


s: informs us, that the deformity of his legs gave occasion to the


s: Nyctimene having entertained a criminal passion for her father,


s: informing him of the infidelity of his mistress.


s: When he found that these attempts were made in vain, and that the


s: staff, with which the player used to strike the strings of the


s: lyre, or cithara, on which he was playing.]


s: talking too much. If they are based upon some events which really


s: Apollo, or of Oceanus, but is supposed not to have been the same


s: person that is mentioned by Apollodorus as the mother of the


s: countries of Peloponnesus; the former was on the northwest, and


s: the latter on the southwest side of it.]


s: cities named Pylos in Peloponnesus. One was in Elis, another in


s: Messenia, and the third was situate between the other two. The


s: means that Battus was changed into one individual stone, which


s: afterwards was called ‘index.’ Lactantius, by his words, seems to


s: The Centaurs, fabulous monsters, half men and half horses, were


s: excellent musician and a good astronomer, as we learn from Homer,


s: Mercury, falling in love with Herse, the daughter of Cecrops,


s: approaching, and she ventured to ask the name of the God, and the


s: promontory and harbor of Attica, between the Piræus and the


s: not mention it; it had, however, been introduced by the time of


s: the war with Xerxes, though even then the sling was, perhaps,


s: used by the Achæans was made of three thongs of leather, and not


s: of one only, like those of other nations. The natives of the


s: Balearic isles are said to have attained their skill from the


s: circumstance of their mothers, when they were children, obliging


s: them to obtain their food by striking it, from a tree, with a


s: sling. While other slings were made of leather, theirs were made


s: of rushes. Besides stones, plummets of lead, called ‘glandes,’


s: (as in the present instance), and μολύβδιδες, of a form between


s: particularly on the plains of Marathon. Some have the device of a


s: It was a prevalent idea with the ancients that the stone


s: discharged from the sling became red hot in its course, from the


s: pendeat apte, Collocat,’ etc., is translated by Clarke--‘And he


s: places his coat that it might hang agreeably, that the border and


s: tersis niteant talaria plantis,’ ‘that his wings shine upon his


s: precipitated from heaven for his deformity, Vulcan fell upon the


s: Isle of Lemnos, in the Ægean Sea, where he exercised the craft of


s: Ericthonius, by the aid of Minerva, is here referred to.]


s: Cicero tells us, that there were several persons in ancient times


s: lake of Libya, near which she was said to have been born.]


s: sacred to Pallas, or Minerva, its tutelary divinity.]


s: impiety. This seems the more likely, from the fact mentioned by


s: because she had continued faithful to that Goddess, and had not


s: {Thus} he spoke; and already were the bullocks, driven from the


s: maritime city of Phœnicia, near Tyre, of whose greatness it was


s: This Fable depicts one of the most famous events in the ancient


s: Crete, of which he was the first king. We may then conclude, that


s: Ἑλλωτὶς, the name she received after her death.


s: returned thanks, and imprinted kisses upon the stranger land, and


s: Telephassa, who accompanied him; and that, after her decease, he


s: proceeded to Delphi to make inquiries of the oracle.]


s: received its name from the Greek word βοῦς, ‘an ox’ or ‘cow.’


s: Other writers say that it was so called from Bœotus, the son of


s: Neptune and Arne. Some authors also say that Thebes received its


s: name from the Syrian word ‘Thebe,’ which signified ‘an ox.’]


s: neighboring stream. Other writers say that it was a son of Mars,


s: Dercyllus by name, and that a Fury, named Tilphosa, was its


s: serpent of enormous size, which obstructed the passage of the


s: river Bagrada, in Africa. It was 120 feet in length.]


s: Reverting to the history of Europa, it may be here remarked, that


s: Some authors, and Ovid among the rest, have supposed that Europe


s: received its name from Europa. Bochart has, with considerable


s: the Poet says in line 91, where we find Cadmus enabled to pin his


s: death, either by means of their sting, or, in the case of the


s: larger kinds of serpent, by twisting round it, and suffocating it


s: notion among the ancients, that some serpents had the power of


s: killing their prey by their poisonous breath. Though some modern


s: perhaps, founded on the power which certain serpents have of


s: fascinating their prey by the agency of the eye, and thus


s: stone as large as a mill-stone, and not a mill-stone itself, for


s: we must remember that this was an uninhabited country, and


s: consequently a stranger to the industry of man.]


s: ‘pestilential as the exhalations of the marshes of Styx.’]


s: when, having been expelled from his dominions by Zethus and


s: Amphion, he retired to Illyria, and was there transformed into a


s: serpent, a fate which was shared by his wife Hermione.]


s: drawing up this curtain to discover the stage and actors,


s: according to our present practice, it was depressed when the play


s: premuntur,’ ‘the curtain is dropped,’ meant that the play had


s: commenced. When the performance was finished, this was raised


s: again gradually from the foot of the stage; therefore ‘aulæa


s: tolluntur,’ ‘the curtain is raised,’ would mean that the play had


s: that the figures of Britons (whose country had then lately been


s: the scene of new conquests) were woven on the canvas of the


s: ‘siparium,’ having their arms in the attitude of lifting the


s: Udeus, Chthonius, Hyperenor, and Pelor, according to Apollodorus.


s: criminality in him; for what criminality did mistake embrace?


s: After she had entered there, she handed to one of the Nymphs, her


s: Nephele, and Hyale, and Rhanis, fetch water, Psecas and


s: Oribasus, all Arcadian {dogs}; and able Nebrophonus, and with


s: Lælaps, fierce Theron, and Pterelas, excelling in speed,


s: Agre in her scent, and Hylæus, lately wounded by a fierce boar,


s: and Nape, begotten by a wolf, and Pœmenis, that had tended


s: Sticte, and Tigris, and Alce, and Leucon, with snow-white


s: hair, and Asbolus, with black, and the able-bodied Lacon, and


s: Aëllo, good at running, and Thoüs, and swift Lycisca, with


s: her Cyprian brother, Harpalus, too, having his black face marked


s: with white down the middle, and Melaneus, and Lachne, with a


s: wire-haired body, and Labros, and Agriodos, bred of a Dictæan


s: Mars and Venus. The Deities honored the nuptials with their


s: presence, and presented marriage gifts, while the Muses and the


s: Graces celebrated the festivity with hymns of their own


s: grandchildren. His daughters were four in number, Autonoë, Ino,


s: Semele, and Agave. Ino married Athamas, Autonoë Aristæus, Agave


s: Echion, while Semele captivated Jupiter. The most famous of the


s: remark of Solon to Crœsus, when he was the master of the opulent


s: and flourishing kingdom of Lydia, and seemed so firmly settled on


s: his happiness. Falling into the hands of Cyrus the Persian, and


s: Herodotus, who relates the story at length. Euripides has a


s: similar passage in his Troades, line 510.]


s: called, as being a Bœotian. The Hyantes were the ancient or


s: κεκρύφαλος, an ornament for the head, being a coif, band, or


s: fillet of network for the hair called in Latin ‘reticulum,’ by


s: which name her office is denoted. The handmaid, whose duty it was


s: ‘Under the glassy, cool, translucent wave.’]


s: sprinkling previous to the transformation seems not to have been


s: neglected any more by the offended Goddesses of the classical


s: Mythology, than by the intriguing enchantresses of the Arabian


s: Nights’ Entertainments; as the unfortunate Beder, when under the


s: displeasure of the vicious queen Labè, experienced to his great


s: inconvenience. The love for the supernatural, combined with an


s: she had let loose his dogs on Actæon, for fear lest, having seen


s: her naked, he should divulge the deformity of her person.]


s: ancients called their dogs. The pack of Actæon is said to have


s: consisted of fifty dogs. Their names were preserved by several


s: Greek poets, from whom Apollodorus copied them; but the greater


s: part of his list has perished, and what remains is in a very


s: Æschylus has named but four of them, and Ovid here names


s: ἰχνὸς, ‘a footstep,’ and βαίνω, ‘to go.’]


s: swiftness and power, λαίλαψ, signifying ‘a whirlwind.’]


s: variety of her colors, as στικτὸς, signifies ‘diversified with


s: various spots,’ from στίζω, ‘to vary with spots.’ ‘Tigris’ means


s: Pliny the Elder states, that ‘thos’ was the name of a kind of


s: Perhaps, from this animal, the dog here mentioned derived his


s: λάβρος ‘greedy.’ Dicte was a mountain of Crete; whence the word


s: ‘Dictæan’ is often employed to signify ‘Cretan.’]


s: If the maxim of Horace, ‘Nec Deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice


s: nodus,’ had been a little more frequently observed by the ancient


s: degrading or disgusting light before posterity. There cannot be a


s: however, of Diana as the Goddess of the Moon, was, most probably,


s: therefore, upon engaging in discourse with her, and {after} long


s: talking, they came to the name of Jupiter, she sighed, and said,


s: make,’ is sometimes used by the best authors for ‘fecero;’ and


s: Æneid (l. 620), assumes the form of another Beroë; and a third


s: person of that name is mentioned in the fourth book of the


s: the worship of Æsculapius, who was the tutelary Divinity of that


s: between Jupiter and Juno, concerning the sexes.


s: tumultus Non tulit æthereos,’ is rendered by Clarke, ‘her mortal


s: body could not bear this æthereal bustle.’]


s: of a city and mountain of Arabia, or India. The tradition was,


s: that there the Nyseian Nymphs, whose names were Cysseis, Nysa,


s: Erato, Eryphia, Bromia, and Polyhymnia, brought up Bacchus. The


s: cave where he was concealed from the fury of Juno, was said to


s: have had two entrances, from which circumstance Bacchus received


s: female that nursed Bacchus. Hyginus also speaks of her as being


s: the daughter of Oceanus. From the name ‘Nysa,’ Bacchus received,


s: Echo, having often amused Juno with her stories, to give time to


s: Jupiter’s mistresses to make their escape, the Goddess, at last,


s: punishes her for the deception. She is slighted and despised by


s: He, much celebrated by fame throughout the cities of Aonia, gave


s: there. The name is often used to signify the whole of Bœotia.]


s: Oceanus and Tethys, and was the mother of the youth Narcissus, by


s: youth’s career, and of the duration of the flower.]


s: show, that it was the custom of the ancients to place sulphur on


s: the ends of their torches, to make them ignite the more readily,


s: in the same manner as the matches of the present day are tipped


s: sylvis.’ Clarke renders, ‘and bouncing out of the wood.’]


s: If, however, we should endeavor to base the story upon purely


s: Narcissus falls in love with his own shadow, which he sees in a


s: countenance, like a statue formed of Parian marble. Lying on the


s: Retribution, and the avenger of crime, was the daughter of


s: appropriately devoted to the Goddess of Retribution. This statue


s: wore a crown, and had wings, and holding a spear of ash in the


s: among the ancients for females, when lamenting the dead, not only


s: grief. According to him, the fountain was near a village called


s: Donacon, in the country of the Thespians. Pausanias regards the


s: Narcissus, because that flower commonly grew about graves and


s: thereupon goes to Mount Cithæron, to disturb the orgies then


s: Pentheus looks at him with eyes that anger has made terrible, and


s: Taygete, and the Hyades, and the Bear, and the quarters of the


s: the name of a part of Peloponnesus, on the gulf of Corinth; but


s: the name is very frequently applied to the whole of Greece.]


s: name of Mars, frequently used by the poets. The Thebans were


s: ‘proles Mavortia,’ as being sprung from the teeth of the dragon,


s: instruments, among the ancients, were of various kinds. Some


s: resembled the modern tambourine; while others presented a flat


s: circular disk on the upper surface, and swelled out beneath, like


s: staff, carried by Bacchus, and by the Satyrs and Bacchanalians


s: engaged in the worship of the God of the grape. It was sometimes


s: terminated by the apple of the pine, or fir-cone, the fir-tree


s: being esteemed sacred to Bacchus, from the turpentine flowing


s: therefrom and its apples being used in making wine. It is,


s: however, frequently represented as terminating in a knot of ivy,


s: the head. We learn from Diodorus Siculus, and Macrobius, that


s: Bacchus converted the thyrsi carried by himself and his followers


s: A wound with its point was supposed to produce madness.]


s: were so called from the verb ‘torqueo,’ ‘to twist,’ from their


s: overthrowing the battlements, and the ‘catapulta’ was employed to


s: When New Carthage, the arsenal of the Carthaginians, was taken,


s: been introduced about the time of Alexander the Great. If so,


s: Ovid must here be committing an anachronism, in making Pentheus


s: speak of ‘tormenta,’ who lived so many ages before that time. To


s: Falstaff talk familiarly of the West Indies. We find the


s: son of Abas, and the father of Danaë. He refused, and probably


s: with justice, to admit Bacchus or his rites within the gates of


s: grandfather mentioned in the present line.]


s: characteristic of the careful ‘pilot,’ or ‘helmsman.’]


s: that suckled Jupiter, is called Olenian, either because she was


s: Auriga, or the Charioteer. The rising and setting of this


s: Constellation were supposed to produce showers.]


s: Ceos, or Cea, is meant, which Ptolemy calls Κια, and which he


s: ‘pausarius,’ or keeper of time for the rowers.]


s: been composed of much the same kind of lawless materials that


s: formed the daring crews of the buccanier Morgan and Captain Kydd


s: line, ‘We have lent our ears to a long tale of a tub.’]


s: Bœotia, famous for the orgies of Bacchus there celebrated.]


s: the passage says, ‘Drunkenness had taken away both her reason and


s: Cicero mentions two Deities of the name of Bacchus; while other


s: authors speak of several of that name. The first was the son of


s: The most reasonable opinion seems to be that of Herodotus and


s: chariot, filling the air with the noise of tambourines and brazen


s: immodesty, and such as found in these festivals a pretext and


s: opportunity for the commission of the most horrible offences.


s: The story of the unfortunate fate of Pentheus is supposed by the


s: ancient writers to have been strictly true. Pentheus, the son of


s: Echion and Agave, the daughter of Cadmus, having succeeded his


s: ‘tursio,’ probably the porpoise, or sea-hog. They were probably


s: The daughters of Minyas, instead of celebrating the festival of


s: But Alcithoë, the daughter of Minyas, does not think that the


s: Dercetis, whom the people of Palestine believe to inhabit the


s: acquaintance, and their first advances {in love}; with time their


s: well-known garment, he gives kisses {to the same}, and he says,


s: perceived her own garment, and beheld, too, the ivory {sheath}


s: Minyas, who, according to some, was the son of Orchomenus,


s: no allusion to the females who are here mentioned by Ovid.]


s: Alcithoë, according to Plutarch, were Aristippe and Leucippe. The


s: and Aristippe, who is sometimes called Arsinoë. The latter author


s: home, and attending to their domestic concerns, to running after


s: the new rites; on which it was said, by their enemies, that


s: called by the Greeks κάλαθος, καλαθίσκος, and τάλαρος, generally


s: signifies the basket in which women placed their work, and


s: especially the materials used for spinning. They were generally


s: made of osiers and reeds, but sometimes of more valuable


s: materials, such as silver, perhaps in filagree work. ‘Calathi’


s: Ιώ Βάκχε, Εὐοῖ σαβοῖ. ‘Evoë, Bacche! O, Iacche! Io, Bacche! Evoë


s: either from Semele, his mother, one of whose names was Thyone, or


s: Bacchanals also received their name of Thyades.]


s: ‘night,’ because his orgies were celebrated by night. Eleleus is


s: from the shout, or ‘huzza’ of the Greeks, which was ελελεῦ.]


s: ‘Evoë’ which the Bacchanals used in performing his orgies.]


s: having slighted the worship of Bacchus, was afflicted with


s: which were first invented by Minerva, but ill accorded with the


s: idle and vicious mode of celebrating the festival of Bacchus.]


s: goddess, of a very singular kind. From the middle upwards, it


s: represents a woman, but below it terminates in a fish. The statue


s: woman.’ He further says, that the temple of this last city was


s: thought by some to have been built by Semiramis, who consecrated


s: it not to Juno, as is generally believed, but to her own mother,


s: in which Ascalon was situate, was a part of Syria, lying in its


s: also Nosola, between Taprobana (the modern Ceylon) and the coast


s: her cruelty, she herself was changed into a fish by the Sun.]


s: ancient Babylon has been remarked by many ancient writers, from


s: Herodotus downwards. Its walls are said to have been 60 miles in


s: compass, 87 feet in thickness, and 350 feet in height.]


s: ten stadia in length, and nine in depth; it had the appearance of


s: of Babylon. Commentators have expressed some surprise that Ovid


s: here uses the word ‘busta,’ for ‘tomb,’ as the place of meeting


s: for these chaste lovers, as the prostitutes of Rome used to haunt


s: water; by channels of masonry, earthen pipes, and leaden pipes.


s: The latter were smaller, and more generally used; to them


s: given, though somewhat homely, is extremely natural, and, as


s: frequent experience shows us, depicts the results when the


s: soldering of a water-pipe has become decayed.]


s: color of boxwood, the words ‘buxo pallidiora,’ ‘paler than


s: boxwood,’ became a proverbial expression among the Romans.]


s: ‘sheath’ of the sword, was often highly decorated; and we learn


s: from Homer and Virgil, as well as Ovid, that ivory was much used


s: for that purpose. The sheath was worn by the Greeks and Romans on


s: hold of the hilt, with the thumb next to the blade.]


s: productive of unhappiness at a future period.


s: “The Lemnian {God} immediately threw open the folding doors of


s: perfume-bearing nation produced. But after her daughter grew up,


s: “The pastures of the horses of the Sun are under the Western sky;


s: with the loose story of the loves of Mars and Venus.]


s: ‘Junonigena,’ because, according to some, he was the son of Juno


s: alone. Other writers, however, say that he was the only son of


s: ‘valvæ’ is often used to signify a door, or entrance, because


s: among the ancients each doorway generally contained two doors


s: folding together. The internal doors even of private houses were


s: bivalve; hence, as in the present case, we often read of the


s: folding doors of a bed-chamber. Each of these doors or valves was


s: landed, after she had risen from the sea. It was dedicated to her


s: Uranus, and the father of the Sun. The name of Hyperion is,


s: however, often given by the poets to the Sun himself.]


s: daughter of Oceanus, and the mother of the enchantress Circe, who


s: Circe is referred to more at length in the 14th Book of the


s: Orchamus, and was the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys.]


s: Achæmenian, from Achæmenes, one of its former kings.]


s: food of the Deities, and nectar their drink.]


s: ‘Virgo victa nitore Dei.’ ‘The young lady--charmed with the


s: Palæphatus gives a historical solution to the story. He says that


s: rhetorician would have done better to have been silent.


s: Clytie envied her, (for the love of the Sun for her had not been


s: shall arise from the earth as a tree bearing frankincense: the


s: gums of which, burnt in sacrifice to the Gods, shall reach the


s: heavens with their sweet odors.’ Persia and Arabia have been


s: celebrated by the poets, ancient and modern, for their great


s: fertility in frankincense and other aromatic plants.]


s: large yellow plant which is called the sunflower. The small


s: aromatic flower which we call heliotrope, with its violet hue and


s: earth after a shower of rain, seems to have no other foundation


s: names were meant the heaven and the earth.]


s: for this word are--1. Withwind, a kind of herb. 2. The yew tree.


s: advances, they were both turned into flowers.


s: Heaven and the Earth. Some suppose them to have been the original


s: {cymbals} {of} brass are resounding in vain. Upon the Nymph


s: Minor, on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Caria was another


s: wood of the box trees that grow there. The Greeks and Romans made


s: both sides. Great care was usually taken of the hair; to go with


s: magicians, in ancient times, and especially those of Thessaly,


s: commonly believed, at the period of an eclipse it was supposed by


s: these magicians, and that she was struggling (laborabat) against


s: them, on which the sound of drums, trumpets, and cymbals was


s: resorted to, to distract the attention of the moon, and to drown


s: the charms repeated by the enchanters, for which reason, the


s: instruments employed for the purpose were styled ‘auxiliares.’]


s: explanation of the passage,-- ‘The eyes of the Nymph seemed to


s: splendid, and contract the fire.’ From the mention of the eyes of


s: concluding that ‘speculum’ means here not a mirror, but a


s: burning-glass. The ‘specula,’ or looking-glasses, of the ancients


s: copper, or silver; but in later times, alloy was mixed with the


s: silver. Pliny mentions the obsidian stone, or, as it is now


s: called, the Icelandic agate, as being used for this purpose. Nero


s: that mirrors were made in the glass-houses of Sidon, which


s: consisted of glass plates, with leaves of metal at the back; they


s: were made chiefly at Brundisium. The white metal formed from this


s: were generally small, of a round or oval shape, and having a


s: handle; and female slaves usually held them, while their


s: mistresses were performing the duties of the toilet. Sometimes


s: mirror; but Minerva repudiated the use of it.]


s: Possibly the water of that fountain, by some peculiar chemical


s: are called νυκτερίδες, from νυξ, ‘night;’ and in Latin,


s: ‘vespertiliones,’ from ‘vesper,’ ‘evening,’ on account of their


s: whirled round, and both follows and flies from himself. The


s: purposeless aberrations, and the forgetfulness of a darkened


s: There is a rock that hangs over the sea; the lowest part is worn


s: struck {by her fall}, is white with foam. But Venus, pitying the


s: sorrows hitherto had been caused by the calamities which befell


s: her sisters and their offspring: Semele having died a shocking


s: whose bodies had not received the rites of burial, we learn from


s: Homer and Virgil, were not allowed to pass the river Styx, but


s: wandered on its banks for a hundred years.]


s: fabled to be the daughters of Night and Acheron. They were three


s: in number, Tisiphone, Alecto, and Megæra, and were supposed to be


s: and Elara. On account of his enormous size, the poets sometimes


s: style him a son of the earth. Attempting to commit violence upon


s: Latona, he was slain by the arrows of Apollo, and precipitated to


s: constantly devoured by a vulture, and then renewed, to perpetuate


s: differently related by the poets. Some say, that he divulged the


s: secrets of the Gods, that had been entrusted to him; while others


s: inadvertently ate his shoulder. He was doomed to suffer intense


s: hunger and thirst, amid provisions of all kinds within his reach,


s: punishment of rolling a great stone to the top of a mountain,


s: which it had no sooner reached than it fell down again, and


s: heaven, he presumed to make an attempt on Juno. Jupiter, to


s: ‘a female viper;’ but it here refers to the Hydra, or dragon of


s: the marsh of Lerna, which Hercules slew. It was fabled to be


s: foster-child of Ino, who was the sister of his mother Semele. The


s: related by Ovid in the sixth book of the Fasti.]


s: the Molarian rock, and says, that it was one of the Scironian


s: rocks, near Megara, in Attica. It was a branch of the Geranian


s: Melicerta, who, according to Pausanias, was received by dolphins,


s: must be merely mentioned here as a general name for the broad


s: expanse of waters, of which the Saronic gulf, into which the


s: Molarian rock projected, formed part. Ovid may, however, mean to


s: say that Ino threw herself from some rock in the Ionian sea, and


s: not from the Molarian rock; following, probably, the account of


s: some other writer, whose works are lost.]


s: called Aphrodite, by the Greeks, from ἄφρος, ‘the foam of the


s: sea,’ from which she was said to have sprung.]


s: worshipped as Divinities both in Greece and at Rome.]


s: celebrated for many ages at Corinth; and, being interrupted for a


s: Whoever is by, (some attendants are present), is alarmed; but the


s: probably in reference to the Phœnician origin of Cadmus, reported


s: Scripture ‘Cadmonia,’ or ‘oriental;’ and that Hermione probably


s: Abas, king of Argos. He was the father of Danaë, by whom Jupiter


s: grandfather of Acrisius, was the son of Jupiter, who was also the


s: The story of the seduction of Danaë, the mother of Perseus, by


s: Diodorus Siculus says that the Gorgons were female warriors, who


s: inhabited the neighborhood of Lake Tritonis, in Libya. Pausanias


s: remarkable that he cut it off, and afterwards took it with him to


s: Again, many of the ancient historians, with Pliny, Athenæus, and


s: captive, and threatened, in case of refusal, to put him to death.


s: exploits of Perseus, spread terror everywhere, and caused passive


s: Diodorus and Palæphatus. It is not improbable that the Cape Verde


s: The grandson of Hippotas had shut up the winds in their eternal


s: innocent Andromeda to suffer punishment for her mother’s tongue.


s: Ammon, had a temple in the deserts of Libya, where he was


s: worshipped under the shape of a ram; a form which he was supposed


s: from the attacks of the Giants. The oracle of Jupiter Ammon being


s: request of the Nereids, had sent against the Ethiopians, answered


s: here, not without reason, calls an unjust demand.]


s: preferable here to ‘trepido,’ ‘trembling.’]


s: ‘appellare’ here is not the correct reading; and suggests


s: ‘aspectare,’ which seems to be more consistent with the sense of


s: the passage, which would then be, ‘and does not dare to look down


s: skeleton was forty feet in length, and the spinal bone was six


s: translates this line, ‘He avoids the monster’s eager snaps with


s: either wings fitted to the ankles, or shoes having such wings


s: fastened to them; they were supposed to be usually worn by


s: juga prima sinistra’ is rendered by Clarke, ‘seizing the tip-top


s: have had but little difficulty in effecting the theft here


s: shield Perseus is said to have received from Minerva, and by


s: by that means afforded him the opportunity of seeing the


s: reflection of Medusa’s figure; and that Perseus, seizing her by


s: the hair with his left hand, and keeping his eye fixed on the


s: image reflected in the shield, took his sword in his right, and


s: cut off her head, and then, by the aid of his wings, flew away


s: before the other Gorgon sisters were aware of what he had done.]


s: Chrysaor were two winged horses, which were fabled to have sprung


s: Herodotus, who seems to have been often imposed upon.]


s: fierce, piratical prince, who infested the adjacent seas with his


s: Some writers think, that Phineus, the uncle of Andromeda, was the


s: mentioned was to have carried away Andromeda.


s: Agyrtes, infamous for slaying his father.


s: prevail; and for once, Bellona is deluging the household Gods


s: seven-mouthed Nile, and who had engraved on his shield its seven


s: mattress or covering of the couch on which the ancients reclined


s: during meals. It was frequently stuffed with wool; but among the


s: poorer classes, with straw and dried weeds.]


s: occasion of the nuptials of Perseus and Andromeda.]


s: crooked sword, or falchion: such as we call a “scimitar.”]


s: Epistles (Book i. Ep. 5, l. 79), that “there, at the time of the


s: summer solstice, bodies as they stand, have no shadow.”]


s: and not the river of Thessaly, flowing into the Malian Gulf.]


s: illustration of the danger of neutrality, when the necessity of


s: ‘Casuque canit miserabile carmen;’ ‘and in his fall plays but a


s: people of Libya, near the Syrtes, or quicksands, who subsisted by


s: according to Pliny. Celadon was a native of either this place, or


s: united in the same sentence, as meeting in a region so distant as


s: Andromeda was fastened, were remaining on the rock in his time.


s: sea-monster. Some authors have suggested that the story of the


s: The alleged power of Perseus, to turn his enemies into stone, was


s: terror which everywhere followed the fame of his victory over the


s: Polydectes continues his hatred against Perseus, and treats his


s: {become} stone, without blood, by means of the face of Medusa.


s: Hitherto Tritonia had presented herself as a companion to her


s: brother, begotten in the golden shower. Now, enwrapped in an


s: encircling cloud, she abandons Seriphus, Cythnus and Gyarus being


s: imposing upon the vulgar with your empty melody. If you have any


s: fish, {Mercury}, the Cyllenian {God}, beneath the wings of an


s: Polydectes. The latter became smitten with love for Danaë, though


s: promise from Perseus, of the head of the Gorgon Medusa. When


s: Perseus returned victorious, he found that his mother, with her


s: protector Dictys, had taken refuge at the altars of the Deities,


s: against the violence of Polydectes; on which Perseus changed him


s: into stone. The story of Perseus afforded abundant materials to


s: the ancient poets. Æschylus wrote a Tragedy called Polydectes,


s: Sophocles one called Danaë, while Euripides composed two, called


s: respectively Danaë and Dictys. Pherecydes also wrote on this


s: subject, and his work seems to have been a text book for


s: succeeding poets. Polygnotus painted the return of Perseus with


s: the head of Medusa, to the island of Seriphus.]


s: Minerva, and Perseus had Jupiter for their father.]


s: which was produced by a blow from the hoof of Pegasus.]


s: ‘Mnemonides,’ from the Greek word μνήμων ‘remembering,’ or


s: a district between Bœotia and Ætolia, in which the city of Delphi


s: numina,’ is translated by Clarke, ‘and worshipping our


s: been a common thing to teach parrots and magpies to repeat these


s: Macedonia, in that part of it which was called Emathia. It was


s: famed for being the birthplace of Philip, and Alexander the


s: region of Macedonia, adjacent to Emathia.]


s: the Hæmonian, or Thessalian Achaia. The other parts of Thessaly


s: fountain in Bœotia, near Helicon, sacred to the Muses. It is


s: called Hyantean, from the ancient name of the inhabitants of the


s: transformation of Venus into a fish, to escape the fury of the


s: Giants, is told, at length, in the second Book of the Fasti.]


s: name of Aonides from Aonia, a mountainous district of Bœotia.]


s: tiresome and unmeaning. It is not improbable that the story of


s: Italy, whence its present epithet, ‘Ausonian.’ It was so named


s: from Pelorus, the pilot of Hannibal, who, suspecting him of


s: treachery, had put him to death, and buried him on that spot.]


s: is on the west of Sicily, looking towards the African coast.]


s: Sicilian kings, erected a magnificent temple in her honor.]


s: Jupiter, the seas to that of Neptune; while the infernal regions,


s: authors, Enceladus, threw Mount Ætna on his body; and that the


s: “Not far from the walls of Henna there is a lake of deep water,


s: Pergus by name; Cayster does not hear more songs of swans, in his


s: beloved, and seized by Pluto; in such great haste is love. The


s: seas, built a city between unequal harbors.


s: exactly situated in the middle of Sicily that it was called the


s: navel of that island. The worship of Ceres there was so highly


s: esteemed, that ancient writers remarked, that you might easily


s: take the whole place for one vast temple of that Goddess, and all


s: authors, besides Ovid, to have been carried away by Pluto in the


s: vicinity of Henna; though some writers say that it took place in


s: Attica, and others again in Asia, while the Hymn of Orpheus


s: from all [ordinary] means of approach. Around it are many lakes


s: and groves, and flowers in bloom at all seasons of the year; so


s: that the very spot seems to portray the rape of the damsel, with


s: which story, from our very infancy, we have been familiar. Close


s: by, there is a cavern with its face towards the north, of an


s: immense depth, from which they say that father Pluto, in his


s: chariot, suddenly emerged, and carrying off the maiden, bore her


s: away from that spot, and then, not far from Syracuse, descended


s: into the earth, from which place a lake suddenly arose; where, at


s: ‘Dis.’ This name was given to him as the God of the Earth, from


s: Messeniaca, has preserved the names of the companions of Ceres,


s: having copied them from the works of Homer.]


s: subject, represents that Ceres heard the cries of her daughter,


s: when calling upon her mother for assistance. Ovid recounts this


s: tale much more at length in the fourth Book of the Fasti.]


s: brothers, sons of Jupiter and the Nymph Thalea, and, according to


s: earth to open, and to hide her from the vengeful wrath of Juno.


s: This was done; and when they had arrived at maturity, the Palici


s: burst from the ground in the island of Sicily. They were Deities


s: much venerated there, but their worship did not extend to any


s: other countries. We learn from Macrobius that the natives of


s: Sicily pointed out two small lakes, from which the brothers were


s: guiltless would be able to come forth from them unharmed. They


s: were fetid, sulphureous pools of water, probably affected by the


s: from Corinth, was said to have founded Syracuse, the capital of


s: Sicily. The family sprang either from Bacchius, a son of


s: Dionysus, or Bacchus, or from the fifth king of Corinth, who was


s: named Bacchis. The family was expelled from Corinth by Cypselus,


s: which, mingling with the waters of the fountain Cyane, falls into


s: island, in which the fountain of Arethusa was situate, was


s: separated from the isle of Sicily by a narrow strait of the sea,


s: and communicating with the city of Syracuse by a bridge, was


s: woman here mentioned by the name of Baubo. Nicander, in his


s: Theriaca, calls her Metaneira. Antoninus Liberalis calls her


s: Misma, and Ovid, in the fourth Book of the Fasti, Melanina.]


s: was the son of the old woman. If so, the Goddess made her but a


s: The story of the rape of Proserpine has caused much inquiry among


s: history, defaced and blemished in lapse of time.


s: Guadalquivir of the present day, which runs through the centre of


s: walking in the adjacent meadows, and gathering flowers with her


s: circumstance:--Greece, he says, was afflicted with famine in the


s: “Then the Alpheian Nymph raised her head from out of the Elean


s: discredit, with her hair dishevelled; and she said, “I have come,


s: “{Thus} he spoke; still Ceres is {now} resolved to fetch away her


s: finely-cultivated garden, she had plucked a pomegranate from the


s: bending tree, and had chewed in her mouth seven grains taken from


s: est,’ is rendered by Clarke, ‘It is a tedious business to tell.’]


s: a fastening round the loins, was much worn by both sexes among


s: the ancients. It was sometimes made of netted work, and the chief


s: ‘pera,’ ‘wallet,’ or ‘purse,’ was generally fastened to the


s: girdle. As this article of dress was used to hold up the garments


s: supposed to be abstracted from the cares of the world, as in


s: performing sacrifice or attending at funeral rites. A girdle was


s: that circumstance, allusion is made in the present instance, as a


s: translates ‘tunc denique raptam Scisset,’ ‘knew that she had been


s: Arethusa the discoverer to Ceres of the fate of her daughter. In


s: the Fourth Book of the Fasti, he represents the Sun as giving her


s: Hermione, a town of Argolis, in Peloponnesus, and the people of


s: that place as informing Ceres of what had happened to her


s: and that his master’s kettle was quite safe, for he knew it to be


s: This fruit was most probably called ‘malum,’ or ‘pomum punicum,’


s: or ‘puniceum,’ from the deep red or purple color of the inside,


s: and not as having been first introduced from Phœnicia.]


s: latter author says, that for his unseasonable discovery, Ceres


s: placed a rock upon him; but that, having been liberated by


s: transformation of the boy into a newt, or kind of lizard, which


s: Campania, near Baiæ, of a fetid smell and gloomy aspect. Being


s: feigned to be the mouth, or threshold, of the Infernal Regions,


s: its name became generally used to signify Tartarus, or the


s: Infernal Regions. The name is said to have been derived from the


s: the daughters of the river Acheloüs and of one of the Muses,


s: either Calliope, Melpomene, or Terpsichore.]


s: invented; the pernicious counsels which he gave his master being


s: Probably, the story of the Nymph Cyane reproaching Pluto with his


s: and discharged itself into the sea, near Cyllene, the seaport of


s: that people, they worshipped it with divine honors.]


s: has a whitish hue, especially on one side of it.]


s: also, adjoining to the Elean territory, which received its name


s: from Psophis, the daughter of Lycaon, or of Eryx, according to


s: some writers. There were several other towns of the same name.


s: The other places here mentioned, with the exception of Elis, were


s: Arethusa! What thought had I then, poor soul!’]


s: Ceres entrusts her chariot to Triptolemus, and orders him to go


s: “Thus far Arethusa. The fertile Goddess yoked two dragons to her


s: “The greatest of us had {now} finished her learned song. But the


s: meant; the other parts of Asia being included under the term


s: who had commenced her song as the representative of the Muses, at


s: were,--Celeus, Triptolemus, Eumolpus, and Diocles. Clement of


s: Alexandria calls them Baubon, Dysaulus, Eubuleüs, Eumolpus, and


s: Triptolemus. Eumolpus being the Hierophant, or explainer of the


s: Arachne, vain-glorious of her ingenuity, challenges Minerva to a


s: Pallas embroiders the rock of Mars in {Athens}, the citadel of


s: twin offspring; {how} he was Amphitryon, when he beguiled thee,


s: Tirynthian dame; how, turned to gold, he deceived Danaë; {how},


s: changed into fire, the daughter of Asopus; {how}, as a shepherd,


s: Mnemosyne; and as a speckled serpent, Deois. She depicted thee


s: experienced as a steed; thee, the mother of the winged horse,


s: Isse, the daughter of Macareus. How Liber deceived Erigone, in a


s: fictitious bunch of grapes; {and} how Saturn begot the two-formed


s: Ionia, on the shores of the Mediterranean, famous for its purple


s: called ‘the purple,’ the juices of which were much used by the


s: ancients for dyeing a deep purple color. The most valuable kinds


s: were found near Tyre and Phocæa, mentioned in the text.]


s: Thrace. Probably these persons had come from the neighboring


s: country, to see the exquisite works of Arachne. As the Poet tells


s: professed their respect and veneration, while Arachne alone


s: cauldrons were used for the purposes of dyeing, in preference to


s: Areiopagus, which was said to have received its name from the


s: trial there of Mars, when he was accused by Neptune of having


s: the rules of prosody than the two lines there quoted:--


s: which raised her to such a degree of conceit, that she despised


s: active enemy of the Pygmies. These people were dwarfs, living


s: either in India, Arabia, or Thrace, and they were said not to


s: Laomedon, king of Troy, and was remarkable for the extreme beauty


s: Juno; on which the Goddess, offended at her presumption, changed


s: her hair into serpents. In compassion, the Deities afterwards


s: (besides Myrrha), remarkable for their extreme beauty. Growing


s: insolent upon the strength of their good looks, and pretending to


s: form of an eagle. She was the wife of Perses, and the mother of


s: insulted by Dirce, she was seized with madness, and was cured by


s: Phocus, whom she is said to have afterwards married.]


s: Argos, where Hercules was born and educated, and from which place


s: mentioned, became the mother of the Nine Muses, having been


s: Arne, the daughter of Æolus, whom Neptune seduced under the form


s: a river of Thessaly, Neptune committed violence upon Iphimedeia,


s: the wife of the giant Aloëus, and by her was the father of the


s: twice in this line, Clarke translates, not in a very elegant


s: manner, ‘had a bout with thee,’ and ‘had a touch from thee.’ By


s: Neptune, though it is more generally said that it sprang from her


s: Icarus, and was placed among the Constellations.]


s: Medea. She was the first who sought after, and taught the


s: however, Arachne is said to have hanged herself in despair, she


s: probably fell a prey to some cause of grief or discontent, the


s: The Jesuit Tournemine suggests the following explanation of the


s: Phrygian, mingled with many Phœnician words; and, as in those


s: signification, and spoke of a horse instead of a ship, which was


s: really the original emblem employed in the fiction.


s: Vossius thinks that the fable originated in a dispute between the


s: prevailed, and a life of civilization, marked by attention to the


s: world, where a king or petty chieftain demanded the daughter of a


s: Nicodamas, she had by him a son, named Mopsus, whom her subjects


s: grandsire, when they had put an end to their wonted exercise {of


s: was the father of her husband, Amphion.]


s: fourteen daughters of Niobe, and gives their names.]


s: hitherto been a floating island, became immovable, for the


s: ‘manifest,’ or ‘appearing,’ from having risen to the surface of


s: one of the crimes of Tantalus, the father of Niobe, who was


s: accused of having indiscreetly divulged the secrets of the Gods.]


s: known, that the ‘Palæstra’ was called ‘nitida,’ as shining with


s: the oil which the wrestlers used for making their limbs supple,


s: and the more difficult for their antagonist to grasp. Juvenal


s: gives the epithet ‘ceromaticum’ to the neck of the athlete, or


s: wrestler, which word means ‘rubbed with wrestler’s oil.’]


s: translates ‘Et jam contulerant arcto luctantia nexu Pectora


s: pectoribus;’ ‘And now they had clapped breast to breast,


s: ‘Efferor’ literally means, ‘I am carried out.’ ‘Effero’ was the


s: term used to signify the carrying of the body out of the city


s: deceased person was in ancient times laid out on a bed of the


s: ordinary kind, with a pillow for supporting the head and back;


s: among the Romans, it was placed in the vestibule of the house,


s: with its feet towards the door, and was dressed in the best robe


s: which the deceased had worn when alive. Among the better classes,


s: sometimes made of ivory, and covered with gold and purple.]


s: Sipylus, in Bœotia, which, as we learn from Pausanias, had on its


s: in an attitude of sorrow. This resemblance is said to exist even


s: All the ancient historians agree with Diodorus Siculus and


s: daughters; but gives the names of fourteen only. The story of the


s: new-made frogs, they leap about in the muddy stream.”


s: nothing more than a volcanic mountain of Lycia, in Asia Minor,


s: goats; and towards the bottom, being rocky, and full of caverns,


s: Commentary on the Second Book of the Georgics, says that the name


s: are so fanciful as to say, that the repetition of the words ‘sub


s: aqua,’ in the line ‘Quamvis sint sub aquâ, sub aquâ, maledicere


s: find any such resemblance; more so, indeed, than that of


s: Aristophanes, who makes his frogs say, by way of chorus,


s: ‘brekekekekex koäx koäx.’ Possibly, however, that might have been


s: clowns; or, which is more probable, it may have been originally


s: presumption. The tears that are shed on the occasion of his death


s: him; and whoever {besides} on those mountains was feeding the


s: wool-bearing flocks, and the horned herds.


s: of the Satyr Marsyas, under the name of Silenus. Fulgentius


s: informs us, that in paintings, Marsyas was represented with the


s: him to a pine-tree, or, according to Pliny the Elder,


s: a plane-tree, which was to be seen even in his day. The skin was


s: afterwards suspended by Apollo in the city of Celenæ. Hyginus


s: disgusting for being so. A commentator justly says, that it might


s: and pupil of Marsyas. Pausanias describes a picture, painted by


s: Polygnotus, in which Olympus was represented as sitting by


s: Marsyas, clad as a youth, and learning to play on the flute.


s: Euripides, in the Iphigenia in Aulis (l. 576) says that Olympus


s: discovered some new measures for the ‘tibia,’ or flute. From


s: Tereus, king of Thrace, having married Progne, the daughter of


s: brass, and fertile Messene, and Patræ, and humble Cleonæ, and


s: prevented this act of humanity; and barbarous troops brought


s: It was {now} day; and Pandion, grasping the right hand of his


s: which derived its name from Calydon, the son of Endymion. Diana,


s: being incensed against Œneus, its king, because he omitted her


s: when offering the first fruits to the other Deities, sent an


s: immense boar to ravage its fields, which was slain by Meleager.


s: Ovid recounts these circumstances in the eighth book of the


s: Corinth, when it was taken and burnt by the Consul Mummius. On


s: that occasion, they say, that from the immense number of statues


s: melted in the conflagration, a stream of metal poured through the


s: The story is, however, very improbable.]


s: attendants of Venus, were three in number, Aglaia, Thalia, and


s: circumstance they were said ‘deduci,’ ‘to be led down.’]


s: the arsenal and the harbor of the Athenians, and owed its


s: magnificence to the vast conceptions of Themistocles.]


s: called, from the Odrysæ, a people of Thrace.]


s: translated by Clarke, ‘And reads the miserable ditty of her


s: It is {now} the time when the Sithonian matrons are wont to


s: paleness spreads over her whole face. Progne having {now} got a


s: Thrace, which lay between Mount Hæmus and the Euxine sea. The


s: word, however, is often used to signify the whole of Thrace.]


s: ‘nebrides,’ or skins of fawns and deer, which the Bacchanals wore


s: Furies, who are thus called from having their hair wreathed with


s: Anacreon and Apollodorus, however, reverse the story, saying that


s: account given by Pausanias and Eusebius: the order of succession


s: being Actæus, Cecrops, Cranaüs, Amphictyon, Erecthonius, Pandion,


s: and the grandson of Æolus. According to some writers, he was the


s: son of Mercury; in and the Art of Love (Book iii. l. 725) he is


s: called ‘Cyllenia proles.’ Strabo says that he was the son-in-law


s: of Deioneus. His story is related at length in the next Book.]


s: people of Thrace, living near Mount Ismarus, and the Bistonian


s: that that part of the sea had not been navigated before; though


s: Plato tells us that the story of the rape of Orithyïa is but an


s: Jason, after having met with various adventures, arrives with the


s: reached at length the rapid waters of the muddy Phasis.


s: country, and cities, whose fame is flourishing even here, and the


s: {Thus} she said, and before her eyes stood Virtue, Affection, and


s: The Colchians are astonished; the Minyæ fill {the air} with their


s: Thessaly, at the foot of Mount Pelion, where the ship Argo was


s: ‘accingere,’ more literally than elegantly, ‘buckle to.’]


s: that part of Greece which was afterwards called Thessaly. The


s: province of Pelasgiotis, in Thessaly, afterwards retained its


s: name, which was derived from the Pelasgi, an early people of


s: Greece. Pliny informs us that Peloponnesus at first had the names


s: their name from Pelasgus, the son of Jupiter; while other writers


s: their wandering habits. The name is frequently used, as in the


s: present instance, to signify the whole of the Greeks.]


s: being found by Jason, in the isle of Dia, they came with him to


s: Colchis, and presented him to their mother, who afterwards


s: the mouth of Medea, herself a native of the country.]


s: Argonauts, who were selected from the most noble youths of


s: rocks, or Symplegades, at the mouth of the Euxine sea.]


s: according to Diodorus Siculus, was the son of Phœbus, and the


s: brother of Æetes. Marrying her uncle Æetes, she is said to have


s: given to her by the poets, because the Moon sometimes is full,


s: sometimes disappears, and often shows but part of her disk.]


s: God of fire is here used to signify that element. Apollodorus


s: says, that Medea gave Jason a drug (φάρμακον) to rub over himself


s: determine whether ‘silices’ here means ‘flint-stones,’ or


s: ‘lime-stone;’ probably the latter, from the mention of water


s: which the ancients were perfectly acquainted.]


s: Thessaly, of which country Jason was a native.]


s: fictions which the poets have mingled with the history of the


s: uneasiness which Pelias felt was caused by the prediction of an


s: daughter Medea, falling in love with Jason, promised him her


s: assistance in preserving them from the dangers to which they were


s: supposing, that the account of it was originally written in the


s: Phœnician language; and through not understanding it, the Greeks


s: instead of the simple narrative, that Jason, by the aid of Medea,


s: A chariot sent down from heaven was come; which, soon as she had


s: was esteemed requisite for the due performance of magic rites,


s: though sometimes on such occasions, and probably in the present


s: instance, only one foot was left unshod. In times of drought,


s: according to Tertullian, a procession and ceremonial, called


s: ‘nudipedalia,’ were resorted to, with a view to propitiate the


s: Gods by this token of grief and humiliation.]


s: the Moon are here mentioned as distinct, they are frequently


s: Brutii, on the coast of Etruria, famous for its copper mines. It


s: was also sometimes called Tempsa. There was also another Temesa,


s: a city of Cyprus, also famous for its copper.]


s: characteristic of the mountainous country of Thessaly, where she


s: opposite to Eubœa, being situated on the Euripus, now called the


s: changed into a sea God, on tasting a certain herb. His story is


s: seem to have been deemed of especial virtue in incantations.]


s: called Hebe, from the Greek word signifying youth. She was the


s: daughter of Juno, and the wife of Hercules. She was also the


s: cup-bearer of the Gods, until she was supplanted by Ganymede.]


s: times. It was slightly contracted in the middle, and its two


s: handles extended from the top to the bottom. It was employed in


s: the worship of the Deities, and was used for libations of blood,


s: Proserpine. Clarke translates this line and the next, ‘And prays


s: this and the two following lines: ‘And purifies the old gentleman


s: with sulphur. In the meantime the strong medicine boils, and


s: bounces about in a brazen kettle set on the fire.’]


s: is supposed to have been the screech owl, and was a favorite bird


s: qualities of the vampyre bat were attributed to them.]


s: venomous water-snake of a powerful and offensive smell. The


s: Delphin Commentator seems to think that a kind of turtle is here


s: live four times, and the crow nine times, as long as man.]


s: l. 314.) he calls by the name of Nyseïdes; but in the Fifth Book


s: of the Fasti they are styled Hyades, and are placed in the number


s: the Nymphs, who had nursed him, renewed, when he had just beheld


s: Medea, and not Tethys, do it in favor of Æson?]


s: translated by Clarke, ‘and that her tricks might not cease.’]


s: Western Ocean, is thus called from Iberia, the ancient name of


s: Spain; which country, perhaps, was so called from the river


s: princess and her father are consumed. She then murders the two


s: out of stone, and the wood of Ida, in which Bacchus hid a stolen


s: The city, too, of Eurypylus, in which the Coan matrons wore


s: horns, at the time when the herd of Hercules departed {thence};


s: Phœbean Rhodes also, and the Ialysian Telchines, whose eyes


s: After that, she beholds the lakes of Hyrie, and Cycneian Tempe,


s: Adjacent to these {places} is Pleuron; in which Combe, the


s: Thessaly are so called, because Chiron, the son of the Nymph


s: foot of Mount Pelion; he incurred the resentment of the Nymphs,


s: who changed him into a scarabæus, or winged beetle. Flying to the


s: Asia Minor, near the mouth of the river Caicus.]


s: probably, to the story of the Lesbian changed into a dragon or


s: serpent, which is mentioned in the Eleventh book, line 58.]


s: Thyoneus, the son of Bacchus, who, having stolen an ox from some


s: Phrygian shepherds, was pursued by them; on which Bacchus, to


s: screen his son, changed the ox into a stag, and invested Thyoneus


s: father of Corythus, by Œnone. He was said to have been buried at


s: Cebrena, a little town of Phrygia, near Troy.]


s: Icarius, the father of Erigone, who discovered the murder of his


s: master by the shepherds of Attica, and was made a Constellation,


s: under the name of the Dog-star. As, however, the flight of Medea


s: was now far distant from Attica, it is more likely that the Poet


s: refers to the transformation of some female, named Mæra, into a


s: dog, whose story has not come down to us; indeed, Lactantius


s: expresses this as his opinion. Burmann thinks that it refers to


s: the transformation of Hecuba, mentioned in the 13th book, line


s: of Venus, incurred the resentment of that Goddess, and were


s: changed by her into cows. Another version of the story is, that


s: these women, being offended at Hercules for driving the oxen of


s: Ægeon through their island, were very abusive, on which Juno


s: transformed them into cows: to this latter version reference is


s: chief city of the island, which was also called Cos; and having


s: slain Eurypylus, carried off his daughter Chalciope.]


s: in the Mediterranean, off the coast of Asia Minor, was sacred to


s: the Sun, and was said never to be deserted by his rays.]


s: Thelchines, were a race supposed to have migrated thither from


s: magicians; such was the belief of Strabo.]


s: by the ancients not only to have certain fascinating powers, but


s: to be able to destroy the beauty of any object on which it was


s: Ægean sea, near Eubœa. Carthæa was a city there, the ruins of


s: son, she was changed into a lake, called by her name.]


s: near Mount Curius. It was far distant from Bœotia and Lake Hyrie.


s: Brauron, a village of Attica, near the confines of Bœotia.]


s: Curetes of Ætolia, who, perhaps, received that name from Mount


s: Curius. There was another Combe, the daughter of Asopus, who


s: discovered the use of brazen arms, and was called Chalcis, from


s: that circumstance. She was said to have borne a hundred daughters


s: Crete and the Peloponnesus, in the Saronic gulf, which was sacred


s: Bœotia, had a daughter, Praxithea. She was the wife of Erectheus,


s: the sea-coast of Achaia. Triptolemus visited him with his winged


s: chariot; on which, Antheas, the son of Eumelus, ascended it while


s: called, either because, as Pindar says, they had sprung from the


s: the adjective ‘justissime’ of the feminine gender.]


s: changed into an eagle by Jupiter, while his wife was transformed


s: robber Procrustes, who was slain by Theseus. Halcyone, the


s: daughter of his son Scyron, having been guilty of incontinence,


s: was thrown into the sea by her father, on which she was changed


s: into a kingfisher, which bore her name.]


s: perform. Going thence to Athens, she married Ægeus.


s: Alopis was changed into a fox; Cygnus into a swan; Coronis into a


s: remarked, that the account of the women of Cos being changed into


s: entrance, {wherein} there is a descending path, along which the


s: scattered piecemeal; these, long tossed about, length of time is


s: Acherusia. It was situate in the country of the Mariandyni, near


s: the city of Heraclea, in Pontus, and was said to be the entrance


s: of the Infernal Regions. Cerberus was said to have been dragged


s: from Tartarus by Hercules, through this cave, which circumstance


s: send his son to him when he was able to lift the stone, and to


s: take them from under it; and he then returned to Athens, where he


s: mother led him to the stone under which his father had deposited


s: slaughter. The bull which Theseus slew there was presented by


s: Neptune to Minos. Being brought into Attica by Hercules, it laid


s: waste that territory until it was slain by Theseus.]


s: Corinthian territory, which was infested by a wild boar of


s: father of Periphetes, a robber who infested Epidaurus, in the


s: Peloponnesus. He was so formidable with his club, that he was


s: called Corynetas, from κορύνη, the Greek for ‘a club.’]


s: such extreme cruelty that he used to stretch out, or lop off, the


s: dedicated to Ceres; there the famous Eleusinian mysteries of that


s: whom reference is made in the Ibis, line 409.]


s: was founded by Lelex, was almost destroyed by Minos, and was


s: rebuilt by Alcathoüs, the son of Pelops. He, flying from his


s: father, on being accused of the murder of his brother Chrysippus,


s: was then laying waste that territory, he was held in the highest


s: in the neighborhood of Megara, and used to insist on those who


s: became his guests washing his feet. This being done upon the


s: rocks, Scyron used to kick the strangers into the sea while so


s: here named, were near the isle of Crete, and perhaps in those


s: times were subject to the sway of Minos.]


s: had much the properties of soap. It was of a grayish white color,


s: inasmuch as it was a very craggy island. It is probably a corrupt


s: is referred to in the Explanation, p. 242 / p. 270.]


s: If it is the fact, as many antiquarians suppose, that much of the


s: Gyaros, and Peparethos, fruitful in the smooth olive, do not aid


s: the Gnossian ships. Then Minos makes for Œnopia, the kingdom of


s: Even yet may the Lyctian fleet be beheld from the Œnopian walls,


s: Cephalus: “and I pray that thy power may increase along with thy


s: Anius. The Andrian slave, who gives his name to one of the


s: comedies of Terence, was supposed to be a native of this island.]


s: settlement for their criminals. The mice of this island were said


s: or according to some writers, of Mercury and Herse, the daughter


s: renders the words ‘viscera torrentur primo.’ ‘first people’s


s: bowels are searched;’ perhaps, however, the latter word is a


s: must be supposed to point with his finger towards the temple.]


s: friendship of the sons of Pallas, the brother of Ægeus. This


s: circumstance caused Ægeus to entertain jealous feelings, the more


s: which was famous for the number and magnitude of its oaks. Doves


s: were said to give oracular responses there, probably from the


s: circumstance that the female soothsayers of Thessaly were called


s: πελειαδαι. Some writers, however, say that the oaks had the gift


s: of speech, combined with that of prophesying.]


s: Cephalus, having resisted the advances of Aurora, who has become


s: enamoured of him while hunting, returns in disguise to his wife,


s: Athenian brothers replied, and said, “In it, thou wilt admire its


s: youth inquire into all particulars, why it was given, and whence


s: the parent of Cephalus, among the children of Apollo.]


s: Erectheus, king of Athens, and was carried off by Boreas, as


s: Attica, famous for its honey and its marble.]


s: that she was found by her husband in company with a young man


s: named Pteleon, who had made her a present of a golden wreath.


s: Antoninus Liberalis says, that her husband tried her fidelity by