s: excursive, vigorous, and diligent, eager to pursue knowledge, and


s: Of his intellectual character, the constituent and fundamental


s: principle was good sense, a prompt and intuitive perception of


s: possessions well, but does not increase them; it collects few


s: materials for its own operations, and preserves safety, but never


s: suggested, but what he had found in other writers that might be


s: accommodated to his present purpose.  These benefits of Nature he


s: information; he consulted the living as well as the dead; he read


s: found containing lines, or parts of lines, to be wrought upon at


s: some other time.  He was one of those few whose labour is their


s: pleasure; he was never elevated to negligence nor wearied to


s: Of composition there are different methods.  Some employ at once


s: their productions only when, in their own opinion, they have


s: first thoughts in his first words, and gradually to amplify,


s: decorate, rectify, and refine them.  With such faculties and such


s: reputation.  Of this uniformity the certain consequence was


s: subjects chosen by himself.  His independence secured him from


s: drudging at a task, and labouring upon a barren topic; he never


s: exchanged praise for money, nor opened a shop of condolence or


s: reduced to the necessity of soliciting the sun to shine upon a


s: birthday, of calling the graces and virtues to a wedding, or of


s: Integrity of understanding and nicety of discernment were not


s: poetical prejudices, and the rejection of unnatural thoughts and


s: true.  His parental attention never abandoned them; what he found


s: many improvements after its first appearance.  It will seldom be


s: In acquired knowledge, the superiority must be allowed to Dryden,


s: author had been allowed more time for study, with better means of


s: images and illustrations from a more extensive circumference of


s: comprehensive speculation, and those of Pope by minute attention.


s: inferred that of this poetical vigour Pope had only a little,


s: because Dryden had more; for every other writer since Milton must


s: performances were always hasty, either excited by some external


s: occasion, or extorted by domestic necessity; he composed without


s: consideration, and published without correction.  What his mind


s: could supply at call, or gather in one excursion, was all that he


s: expectation, and Pope never falls below it.  Dryden is read with


s: frequent astonishment, and Pope with perpetual delight.  This


s: parallel will, I hope, when it is well considered, be found just;


s: The Works of Pope are now to be distinctly examined, not so much


s: admit no subtle reasoning or deep inquiry.  Pope's pastorals are


s: invention, is to require what was never intended.  The imitations


s: versification which had in English poetry no precedent, nor has


s: subordination of parts terminating in the principal and original


s: design.  There is this want in most descriptive poems, because as


s: praise are those which were added to enliven the stillness of the


s: easier than to tell how a flower was once a blooming virgin, or a


s: The "Temple of Fame" has, as Steele warmly declared, a "thousand


s: beauties."  Every part is splendid; there is great luxuriance of


s: ornaments; the original vision of Chaucer was never denied to be


s: The "Verses on the Unfortunate Lady" have drawn much attention by


s: they must be allowed to be written in some parts with vigorous


s: animation, and in others with gentle tenderness; nor has Pope


s: produced any poem in which the sense predominates more over the


s: diction.  But the tale is not skilfully told; it is not easy to


s: uncle, but never by his pride.  On such an occasion a poet may be


s: The "Ode for St. Cecilia's Day" was undertaken at the desire of


s: Steele:  in this the author is generally confessed to have


s: might properly be made to a modern Pindarist as Mr. Cobb received


s: exercise, which Cobb had presented, refuted one after another by


s: Pindar's authority, cried out at last, "Pindar was a bold fellow,


s: rigour, not unworthy the antagonist of Dryden.  Had all been like


s: principles and insensible of its effects.


s: every mode of excellence that can embellish or dignify didactic


s: To mention the particular beauties of the essay would be


s: unprofitably tedious:  but I cannot forbear to observe that the


s: these qualities may be sufficient to recommend it.  In didactic


s: were sometimes added, which, having no parallels, served only to


s: writers have sometimes failed; the ship-race, compared with the


s: sound is to be mentioned.  The time of pronunciation was in the


s: little flexibility, our verses can differ very little in their


s: "With many a weary step, and many a groan,


s: Up a high hill he heaves a huge round stone;


s: The huge round stone, resulting with a bound,


s: Thunders impetuous down, and smokes along the ground."


s: Who does not perceive the stone to move slowly upward, and roll


s: violently back?  But set the same numbers to another sense:-


s: "While many a merry tale, and many a song,


s: Cheered the rough road, we wished the rough road long.


s: The rough road, then, returning in a round,


s: Mocked our impatient steps, for all was fairy ground."


s: remark that the poet who tells us that -


s: "When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,


s: The line too labours, and the words move slow:


s: Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain,


s: Flies o'er th' unbending corn, and skims along the main;"


s: "Waller was smooth; but Dryden taught to join


s: The varying verse, the full resounding line,


s: The long majestic march, and energy divine."


s: Here are the swiftness of the rapid race, and the march of slow-


s: paced majesty, exhibited by the same poet in the same sequence of


s: purposes of the poem.  The heathen deities can no longer gain


s: conviction of its own absurdity; they may produce effects, but


s: cannot conduct actions; when the phantom is put in motion it


s: dissolves; thus Discord may raise a mutiny, but Discord cannot


s: operation.  The Sylphs and Gnomes act at the toilet and the tea-


s: poetical existence?  If this is not sufficient to denominate his


s: work original, nothing original ever can be written.


s: In this work are exhibited in a very high degree the two most


s: engaging powers of an author.  New things are made familiar, and


s: invested with so much art of decoration that, though nothing is


s: single crush of overwhelming evil, but from small vexatious


s: The Epistle of "Eloise to Abelard" is one of the most happy


s: find another which so many circumstances concur to recommend.  We


s: translators, but I can hear of no version, unless, perhaps,


s: necessity to turn the Greek and Roman poetry into prose.  Whoever


s: from Homer; and part of the debt was now paid by his translator.


s: tongue; for since its appearance no writer, however deficient in


s: other powers, has wanted melody.  Such a series of lines, so


s: learned wondered at the translation.  But in the most general


s: applause discordant voices will always be heard.  It has been


s: necessitas quod cogit defendit; that may be lawfully done which


s: general fabric with that of Homer, in verses of the same measure,


s: endured no longer; and, perhaps, in the multitude of borrowed


s: passages, very few can be shown which he has not embellished.


s: intellect soon becomes luxurious, and knowledge finds no willing


s: reception till it is recommended by artificial diction.  Thus it


s: English "Iliad," when they have been touched with some unexpected


s: character; but to have added can be no great crime, if nothing be


s: therefore made him graceful, but lost him some of his sublimity.


s: The copious notes with which the version is accompanied, and by


s: which it is recommended to many readers, though they were


s: clear difficulties; those of Pope to vary entertainment.  It has,


s: Of the "Odyssey" nothing remains to be observed; the same general


s: Of the "Dunciad" the hint is confessedly taken from Dryden's "Mac


s: In this design there was petulance and malignity enough; but I


s: cannot think it very criminal.  An author places himself uncalled


s: reprehension, what should restrain them? impune diem consumpserit


s: alterations which have been made in the "Dunciad," not always for


s: The "Essay on Man" was a work of great labour and long


s: consideration, but certainly not the happiest of Pope's


s: performances.  The subject is perhaps not very proper for poetry;


s: metaphysical morality was to him a new study; he was proud of his


s: deduced an order of beings such as mankind, because infinite


s: Having exalted himself into the chair of wisdom, he tells us much


s: chain of subordinate beings "from infinite to nothing," of which


s: position "that though we are fools, yet God is wise."


s: This essay affords an egregious instance of the predominance of


s: sentiment so happily disguised.  The reader feels his mind full,


s: wonder-working sounds sink into sense, and the doctrine of the


s: part, but to act it well; that virtue only is our own; and that


s: happiness is always in our power.  Surely a man of no very


s: embellishments, or such sweetness of melody.  The vigorous


s: The "Characters of Men and Women" are the product of diligent


s: speculation upon human life; much labour has been bestowed upon


s: them, and Pope very seldom laboured in vain.  That his excellence


s: "Characters of Women" with Boileau's Satire; it will then be seen


s: The Epistle to Arbuthnot, now arbitrarily called the "Prologue to


s: stronger motive to exertion than self-defence, no part has more


s: remarked by Savage that the second was in the whole more strongly


s: passages equal to the contention in the first for the dignity of


s: Vice and the celebration of the triumph of Corruption.


s: irreconcilable dissimilitude, and the works will be generally


s: things from its concomitants, often makes the representation more


s: multiplicity of Homer's sentiments and descriptions.


s: Poetical expression includes sound as well as meaning.  "Music,"


s: says Dryden, "is inarticulate poetry;" among the excellences of


s: Pope, therefore, must be mentioned the melody of his metre.  By


s: censured as too uniformly musical, and as glutting the ear with


s: unvaried sweetness.  I suspect this objection to be the cant of


s: lines and vary his pauses.  But though he was thus careful of his


s: opinion of Fenton, too rarely; he uses them more liberally in his


s: Expletives he very early ejected from his verses, but he now and


s: then admits an epithet rather commodious than important.  Each of


s: French idioms, with which Bolingbroke had perhaps infected him.


s: "Lo, where Maeotis sleeps, and hardly flows


s: The freezing Tanais through a waste of snows."


s: But the reason of this preference I cannot discover.


s: regular collection, is not unlikely.  When, in his last years,


s: Hall's "Satires" were shown him, he wished that he had seen them


s: sooner.  New sentiments and new images others may produce; but to


s: translator, without requiring any other evidence of genius.


s: "To MR. BRIDGES, at the Bishop of London's, at Fulham.


s: "SIR,--The favour of your letter, with your remarks, can never be


s: troublesome a task doubles the obligation.


s: "I must own you have pleased me very much by the commendations so


s: judgment than to be smoothed in his vanity.  The greater part of


s: those deviations from the Greek which you have observed I was led


s: badness of their translations.  Chapman pretends to have restored


s: author's meaning to be as you have explained it; yet their


s: authority, joined to the knowledge of my own imperfectness in the


s: shall make my profit of them; to give you some proof that I am in


s: commentators.  But, though I speak thus of commentators, I will


s: continue to read carefully all I can procure, to make up that way


s: force, that no man who has a true poetical spirit is master of


s: himself while he reads him.  Homer makes you interested and


s: obliged to renders them heavy and dispirited.


s: "The great beauty of Homer's language, as I take it, consists in


s: think myself obliged to your friendship, and how truly I am, sir,


s: The criticism upon Pope's Epitaphs, which was printed in "The


s: Every art is best taught by example.  Nothing contributes more to


s: To define an epitaph is useless; every one knows that it is an


s: On CHARLES Earl of DORSET, in the church of Wythyham in Sussex.


s: Dorset, the grace of courts, the Muse's pride,


s: Patron of arts, and judge of nature, died.


s: The scourge of pride, though sanctified or great,


s: Of fops in learning, and of knaves in state;


s: Yet soft in nature, though severe his lay,


s: Blest satirist! who touched the means so true,


s: As showed Vice had his hate and pity too.


s: Blest courtier! who could king and country please,


s: Yet sacred kept his friendship and his ease.


s: Blest peer! his great forefathers' every grace


s: Where other Buckhursts, other Dorsets shine,


s: And patriots still, or pests, deck the line.


s: The first distich of this epitaph contains a kind of information


s: which few would want, that the man for whom the tomb was erected


s: Of this couplet the second line is not what is intended, an


s: illustration of the former.  PRIDE in the GREAT, is indeed well


s: enough connected with knaves in state, though KNAVES is a word


s: Whether a courtier can properly be commended for keeping his EASE


s: without sacrificing friendship to any change of times was a very


s: friendship sacred, because promises of friendship are very awful


s: The blessing ascribed to the PEER has no connection with his


s: peerage; they might happen to any other man whose posterity were


s: I know not whether this epitaph be worthy either of the writer or


s: A pleasing form, a firm, yet cautious mind,


s: Sincere, though prudent; constant, yet resigned;


s: Fixed to one side, but moderate to the rest;


s: Just to his prince, and to his country true;


s: Filled with the sense of age, the fire of youth,


s: A scorn of wrangling, yet a zeal for truth;


s: A generous faith, from superstition free;


s: Such this man was; who new from earth removed


s: concealed?  An epitaph, and a history of a nameless hero, are


s: equally absurd, since the virtues and qualities so recounted in


s: striking or particular; but the poet is not to be blamed for the


s: neglected, except where the length of the poem makes slight


s: inaccuracies excusable, or allows room for beauties sufficient to


s: At the beginning of the seventh line the word FILLED is weak and


s: prosaic, having no particular adaptation to any of the words that


s: On the Hon. SIMON HARCOURT, only son of the Lord Chancellor


s: HARCOURT, at the Church of Stanton-Harcourt in Oxfordshire, 1720.


s: To this sad shrine, whoe'er thou art, draw near,


s: Here lies the friend most loved, the son most dear;


s: Who ne'er knew joy, but friendship might divide,


s: Or gave his father grief but when he died.


s: If Pope must tell what Harcourt cannot speak.


s: Oh let thy once-loved friend inscribe thy stone,


s: And with a father's sorrows mix his own!


s: twice, and which cannot be copied but with servile imitation.  I


s: cannot but wish that, of this inscription, the two last lines had


s: On JAMES CRAGGS, Esq., in Westminster Abbey.


s: Statesman, yet friend to truth; of soul sincere,


s: In action faithful, and in honour clear!


s: Who broke no premise, served no private end,


s: Who gained no title, and who lost no friend;


s: Praised, wept, and honoured by the Muse he loved.


s: however, observe some defects.  There is a redundancy of words in


s: Intended for Mr. ROWE, in Westminster Abbey.


s: Thy reliques, Rowe, to this fair urn we trust,


s: And sacred, place by Dryden's awful dust;


s: Beneath a rude and nameless stone he lies,


s: To which thy tomb shall guide inquiring eyes.


s: Peace to thy gentle shade, and endless rest!


s: Blest in thy genius, in thy love too blest;


s: What a whole thankless land to his denies.


s: On Mrs. CORBET, who died of a Cancer in her Breast.


s: Here rests a woman, good without pretence,


s: Blest with plain reason, and with sober sense;


s: No conquest she, but o'er herself, desired;


s: Passion and pride were to her soul unknown,


s: So firm, yet soft, so strong, yet so refined,


s: Heaven, as its purest gold, by tortures tried;


s: The saint sustained it, but the woman died.


s: I have always considered this as the most valuable of all Pope's


s: such a character, which the dull overlook and the gay despise, it


s: established.  Domestic virtue, as it is exerted without great


s: occasions, or conspicuous consequences, in an even unnoted tenor,


s: that this amiable woman has no name in the verses?  If the


s: particular lines of this inscription be examined, it will appear


s: less faulty than the rest.  There is scarce one line taken from


s: panegyric.  Of this let the ladies judge.


s: On the Monument of the Hon. ROBERT DIGBY, and of his Sister MARY,


s: Composed in sufferings, and in joy sedate,


s: Good without noise, without pretension great


s: Just of thy word, in every thought sincere,


s: Who knew no wish but what the world might hear:


s: Lover of peace, and friend of human kind:


s: Go, live! for heaven's eternal year is thine,


s: And thou, blest maid! attendant on his doom.


s: Pensive hast followed to the silent tomb,


s: Steered the same course to the same quiet shore,


s: Not parted long, and now to part no more!


s: Go, then, where only bliss sincere is known!


s: Yet take these tears, Mortality's relief,


s: And, till we share your joys, forgive our grief:


s: These little rites a stone, a verse receive.


s: 'Tis all a father, all a friend can give!


s: On Sir GODFREY KNELLER, in Westminster Abbey, 1723.


s: Kneller, by Heaven, and not a master, taught,


s: Whose art was Nature, and whose pictures thought;


s: Now for two ages, having snatched from fate


s: Whate'er was beauteous, or whate'er was great,


s: Lies crowned with Princes, honours, Poets, lays,


s: Due to his merit, and brave thirst of praise.


s: Living, great Nature feared he might outvie


s: Her works; and dying, fears herself may die.


s: On General HENRY WITHERS, in Westminster Abbey, 1729.


s: Here, Withers, rest! thou bravest, gentlest mind,


s: Thy country's friend, but more of human kind.


s: O born to arms!  O worth in youth approved!


s: For thee the hardy veteran drops a tear,


s: And the gay courtier feels the sigh sincere


s: Withers, adieu! yet not will thee remove


s: Still leave some ancient virtues to our age:


s: Nor let us say (those English glories gone)


s: The last true Briton lies beneath this stone.


s: The epitaph on Withers affords another instance of commonplaces,


s: though somewhat diversified by mingled qualities, and the


s: On Mr. ELIJAH FENTON, at Easthamstead in Berkshire, 1730.


s: This modest stone, what few vain marbles can,


s: Whom Heaven kept sacred from the Proud and Great:


s: Foe to loud praise, and friend to learned ease,


s: Content with science in the vale of peace.


s: Calmly he looked on either life, and here


s: From Nature's temperate feast rose satisfied,


s: Thanked Heaven that he lived, and that he died.


s: The first couplet of this epitaph is borrowed from Crashaw.  The


s: With native humour tempering virtuous rage,


s: Formed to delight at once and lash the age:


s: Unbiased through life, lamented in thy end,


s: These are thy honours! not that here thy bust


s: Is mixed with heroes, or with kings thy dust;


s: But that the worthy and the Good shall say,


s: Striking their pensive bosoms--Here lies GAY.


s: As Gay was the favourite of our author this epitaph was probably


s: written with an uncommon degree of attention, yet it is not more


s: only echoes of each other; GENTLE MANNERS and MILD AFFECTIONS, if


s: In the next couplet RAGE is less properly introduced after the


s: improper.  To be ABOVE TEMPTATION in poverty and FREE FROM


s: As little can be added to his character by asserting that he was


s: The first eight lines have no grammar; the adjectives are without


s: Intended for Sir ISAAC NEWTON, in Westminster Abbey.


s: Nature, and Nature's laws, lay hid in night:


s: God said, Let Newton be!  And all was light.


s: If modest youth, with cool reflection crowned,


s: And every opening virtue blooming round,


s: Could save a parent's justest pride from fate,


s: This weeping marble had not asked thy tear,


s: The living virtue now had shone approved,


s: The senate heard him, and his country loved.


s: Yet softer honours, and less noisy fame,


s: In whom a race, for courage famed and art,


s: And, chiefs or sages long to Britain given,


s: Pays the last tribute of a saint to heaven.


s: something like tautology; the six following lines are poor and


s: state of uncertainty, yet it could not be laid over him till his


s: RUNE XVII. Wainamoinen finds the Lost Word


s: RUNE XXXIII. Kullervo and the Cheat-cake


s: RUNE XXXIV. Kullervo finds his Tribe-folk


s: RUNE XXXVI. Kullerwoinen's Victory and Death


s: RUNE XXXVIII. Ilmarinen's Fruitless Wooing


s: RUNE XLVII. Louhi steals Sun, Moon, and Fire


s: RUNE XLIX. Restoration of the Sun and Moon


s: RUNE L. Mariatta--Wainamoinen's Departure


s: Finland (Finnish, Suomi or Suomenmaa, the swampy region, of which


s: islands, and inlets, and they call themselves Suomilainen,


s: over-easy of access; nor is he a friend of new fashions.  Steady,


s: It may be interesting to note in this connection that Canon Isaac


s: The Finnish nation has one of the most sonorous and flexible of


s: languages.  Of the cultivated tongues of Europe, the Magyar, or


s: importance of their respective charges.  The lower grades of the


s: Finnish gods are sometimes subservient to the deities of greater


s: worshipers.  For example, when the Star and the Moon refuse the


s: Again when the devoted mother of the reckless hero, Lemminkainen,


s: however, is as farfetched as it is modern.  The Love-deity of the


s: Nowhere are the inconsistencies of human theory and practice more


s: Like Helheim of Scandinavian mythology, Manala, or Tuonela, was


s: The third daughter of Tuoni combines the malevolent and repugnant


s: affections, all those who neglect them at brewings, bakings, and


s: wizard-incantations, and all kinds of pagan folk-lore.  Gabriel


s: Porthan, a Finnish scholar of great attainments, born in 1766,


s: continuing the work of Juslenius, accumulated a great number of


s: national songs and poems, and by his profound enthusiasm for the


s: certainly neither of the scholars just mentioned, nor earlier


s: investigators, could fail to see that the runes they collected,


s: The Kalevala proper was collected by two great Finnish scholars,


s: described his journeyings and difficulties faithfully in a paper


s: minstrel of the country, and with whose closely impending death,


s: numerous very precious runes would have been irrevocably lost.


s: Lonnrot, however, did not stop here; he went on searching and


s: literatures display unmistakable features of Finnish influence.


s: The Kalevala describes Finnish nature very minutely and very


s: translated into several European languages; into Swedish by Alex.


s: Lapland, the mysterious Sampo, evidently the Golden Fleece of the


s: expressed in the runes, in the words of an infant; often too the


s: The Kalevala dates back to an enormous antiquity.  One reason for


s: English translation, are in the original metre of the Kalevala.


s: Helsingfors, the capital of Finland. Prof. Porter has very kindly


s: Frightened at the strife of storm-winds,


s: With the floods outstretched before her,


s: Stops the white-clouds in their courses,


s: Though the length of man's first finger,


s: Strikes the trunk with sharpened hatchet,


s: Where might sing the sweet-voiced cuckoo,


s: Soon the flames are fanned by north-winds,


s: Grasped the cloud, and hurled it earthward.


s: Strikes his courser with his birch-whip,


s: And with stars the heavens were sprinkled."


s: When were heaped the mountains round them,


s: When the skies with stars were sprinkled."


s: Let us try our strength with broadswords,


s: Fears to test his strength at broadswords,


s: Strives his best to move his right foot,


s: Brought it from the hard-fought battles."


s: Mouth once boastful filled with sea-weed,


s: "Wherefore dost thou break thy snow-sledge,


s: 'Give thy silver, Moon's fair daughters,


s: Through the sand and sea-washed pebbles.


s: "Hie e there, Long-legs, or we'll roast thee,


s: Streamlets formed from pearly tear-drops,


s: Lines, and hooks, and poles, arid fish-nets,


s: String, and shaft, and ends are finished,


s: Through the heart, and through the liver,


s: Through the head, and through the shoulders,


s: Thou didst leave the birch-tree standing,


s: Straightway rows with lightning swiftness,


s: Gives him warmth, and food, and shelter,


s: Good for thee, that thou shouldst linger


s: Hitched him to her sledge of birch-wood,


s: Thou shouldst cut the trees to fragments,


s: Through her rattling teeth she answered.


s: Where the white milk had been sprinkled.


s: Where the swans their nests have builded,


s: Where the wild geese hatch their goslings.


s: Skilled and nurtured in the coal-fields;


s: Hastened where the wolves had travelled,


s: Where the wolf treads in the swamp-lands,


s: Hammers knives, and forks, and hatchets,


s: In the breasts of God's three daughters,


s: Brought thee from the blackened swamp-lands,


s: Through the bones, and through the muscles,


s: Through the lungs, and heart, and liver,


s: Must not rush like brooks in spring-tide,


s: From the roots, and leaves, and blossoms.


s: Touched with it the splintered sandstone,


s: Healed my wounds and stilled mine anguish,


s: Straightway springs upon the cross-seat,


s: With the people filled with witchcraft."


s: Straightway climbed the golden fir-tree,


s: When the fire leaps through the windows,


s: With the clouds the black smoke mingles,


s: Makes three strong roots creep around it;


s: Should these mountains lose their cherry,


s: Praised throughout the whole of Ehstland;


s: Shouldst thou taunt the Sahri daughters.


s: Speaks these words to those that listen:


s: With my spear still filled with courage."


s: Roots of firs, and stumps of birch-trees.


s: Beams, and posts, and sills, and rafters,


s: Plowed the meadows filled with serpents,


s: There the Lapland maids will charm thee,


s: What the hatchet gains from flint-stone,


s: And what death purloins from tomb-stones.


s: "Couldst thou speak in tongues a hundred,


s: When the blood flows from that hair-brush,


s: Guard their doors, and roofs, and windows,


s: Guard the posts that bold the torch-lights,


s: With their knives, and swords, and cross-bows,


s: Called his brown steed from the pasture,


s: Hitched the fleet-foot to the snow-sledge,


s: That can loose my stallion's breastplate,


s: That can loose thy stallion's breastplate,


s: That can loose his leathern breast-straps,


s: That can give thee fleet-foot stallions,


s: Through the walls he beard them singing,


s: Through the doors the peals of laughter.


s: Found the court-rooms filled with singers,


s: Straightway sang the songs of witchcraft,


s: Filled their mouths with dust and ashes,


s: Why hast spared this wretched shepherd?"


s: Through the lowlands, o'er the mountains,


s: Straightway limping through the door-way,


s: Where the snow-shoes could be fashioned,


s: With both hands he grasped his snow-cane,


s: Through the open fields and court-yards,


s: Through the penthouse doors and gate-ways,


s: Then he stroked the captured wild-moose,


s: Through the paths of Lempo's wild-moose,


s: Greetings bring to those that greet you,


s: Fields, and streams, and woods of Lapland.


s: Hastens off through fields and moorlands,


s: Through the distant fields of Northland.


s: Should, perchance, the moose-deer wander


s: Sang his songs throughout the woodlands,


s: Through three mountain glens be sang them,


s: There the blood-stained son of death-land,


s: Till the sharpened axe strikes flint-sparks


s: Like the wolf she bounds through fenlands,


s: Like the wild-boar, through the marshes,


s: Seeks, and seeks, and does not find him.


s: Seeks, and seeks, and does not find him;


s: Give me warmth, and strength, and courage,


s: Still the heroes with their broadswords,


s: Drive through all the bones and channels,


s: Drive throughout these lifeless tissues,


s: Where the flesh is bruised and loosened,


s: Heart, and brain, and gland, and vessel,


s: Heals his wounds and stills his anguish;


s: Takes them on her, tongue and tests them,


s: Heals their wounds and stills their anguish,


s: Eyes, and ears, and tongue, and temples,


s: "Longer still thou wouldst have slumbered,


s: Blind, and halt, and poor, and wretched,


s: Build their nests and hatch their younglings


s: From its posts, and planks, and flooring.


s: Brings him pitchers filled with strong-beer,


s: Sets them lengthwise, sets them crosswise,


s: Through the coal-black stream of death-land,


s: Flee this place, thou plague of Northland,


s: From these pains and ceaseless tortures.


s: Come, ye mountains, with your wood-nymphs,


s: Twist their tails, and horns, and forelocks,


s: "If some scourge the winds have sent me,


s: "Wert thou sent here by the spring-floods,


s: "Shouldst thou find no place of resting,


s: Through nine brother-stallions thwarting,


s: "Shouldst thou ask for steeds for saddle,


s: Shouldst thou need a fleet-foot courser,


s: Darts like lightning through the valleys,


s: How the skies with stars were sprinkled.


s: Speaks these words in sailing northward,


s: Lines, and gaffs, and poles, and fish-nets;


s: In the long nights forge the snow-sledge,


s: Rings, and bracelets, pins and ear-drops,


s: Brought him gloves with golden wristlets,


s: Through the sand and falling snow-flakes


s: Strode he through the spacious court-yard,


s: Straightway left their work, and hastened


s: Young, and strong, and proud, and handsome,


s: Wouldst thou leave thy home and country,


s: Him that brings thee countless treasures,


s: Winds would rack our hearts and temples;


s: Filled with Northland's richest brewing;


s: Taste the drink that thou hast brought me,


s: Writ-he ye through the grass and stubble,


s: Pulled the clapboards from the studding,


s: Did the moonbeams bring this knowledge?"


s: Like the sea-pearls sang the grindstones.


s: Through the length and breadth of Northland,


s: There the young plant grew and flourished,


s: There perceived three smaller fir-trees,


s: Quickly climbed the dark-green branches,


s: Broke the young cones from the fir-tree,


s: "Then the bee, the swift-winged birdling,


s: "Whence are rising all these smoke-clouds,


s: Stared, and peered, and thought, and wondered,


s: Children's tongues are filled with questions,


s: Boiled, and foamed, and sang, and murmured:


s: Asked the friendless, asked the homeless


s: Found that they were friends and suitors.


s: Till the bench-guests chant thy virtues;


s: Children's songs are filled with trifles,


s: From the hearth-stone spake, the gray-beard


s: Stables filled with fleet-foot stallions,


s: "Wherefore, bridegroom, dost thou linger,


s: Couldst return, if thou shouldst wish it,


s: Changed, thy friends and nearest kindred,


s: Changed, thy father's ancient dwellings,


s: These the words that I have taught thee:


s: Soon, indeed, thou'lt feel the hardness,


s: 'Brush-wood,' will the father call thee,


s: 'Flight of Stairs,' thy stranger brother,


s: 'Scare-crow,' will the sister call thee,


s: Hadst thou nursed a block of birch-wood,


s: Hadst thou clothed the colored sandstone,


s: And his locks been combed by fir-boughs.


s: All the beasts that haunt the woodlands,


s: Then thy gray-beards would be black-dogs


s: Straightway thou must rise from slumber,


s: Bathe his eyes and smoothe his ringlets,


s: Knead with strength the dough for baking,


s: "Shouldst thou journey to the woodlands,


s: Spoons, and forks, and knives, and goblets,


s: Thrilled with song the hill and mountain,


s: Filled with wheat and corn, the islands,


s: Mouth and claws were from the black-wolf,


s: "There were rustling withered pine-trees.


s: Quench her thirst and cheer her spirits.'


s: Speaks these measures to the bridegroom:


s: While thy young bride's loom is humming,


s: Shall the young bride's loom be tightened?


s: Beer I bought, home-brewed and sparkling,


s: Spake these words from depths of sorrow:


s: From these dear old hills and mountains,


s: Greet the streams with trout disporting,


s: Greet the hills with stately pine-trees,


s: There appeared the blacksmith's furnace,


s: Aar'ni (Ar'ni).   The guardian of hidden treasures.


s: A-ha'va.   The West-wind; the father of the swift dogs.


s: Ah'to-la.   The water-castle of Ahto and his people.


s: Ah'to-lai'set.   The inhabitants of Ahtola.


s: Ai'ue-lake.   The lake into which the Fire-child falls.


s: An'te-ro.   Another name for Wipanen, or Antero Wipunen.


s: Dus'ter-land.   The Northland; Pimentola.


s: Et'e-le'tar.   A daugter of the South-wind.


s: Hal'ti-a (plural Haltiat).   The Genius of Finnish mythology.


s: Het'e-wa'ne.   The Finnish name of the Pleiades.


s: Mon'ja-tar.   The daughter of the Pine-tree.


s: I'ku-Tur'so.   An evil giant of the sea.


s: Im-a'tra.   A celebrated waterfall near Wiborg.


s: In'ger-land.   The present St. Petersburg.


s: Jor'dan.   Curiously, the river of Palestine.


s: Ju'tas (yu'tas).   The Evil Principle; Hisi, Piru, and Lempo are


s: Kal'e-va'tar (Kalewa'tar).   Daughter of Kaleva.


s: Kan'ka-hat'ta-ret.   The goddesses of weaving.


s: Ka'pe.   A synonym of Ilmatar, the mother of Wainamoinen.


s: Kar-ja'la, (karya'la).   The seat of the waterfall, Kaatrakoski.


s: Kat'e-ja'tar (kataya'tar).   The daughter of the Pine-tree.


s: Kat'ra-kos'ki (Kaatrakos'ki).   A waterfall in Karjala.


s: Kau'ko-miel'li.   The same as Lemminkainen.


s: Kaup'pi.   The Snowshoe-builder; Lylikki.


s: Kir'kon-Woe'ki.   Church dwarfs living under altars.


s: Kos'ken-nei'ti.   The goddess of the cataract.


s: Kul-ler'vo.   The vicious son of Kalervo.


s: Kul'ler-woi'nen.   The same as Kullervo.


s: Kul'li.   A beautiful daughter of Sahri.


s: Kun'tar.   One of the daughters of the Moon.


s: Lem'po.   The Evil Principle; same as Hisi, Piru, and Jutas.


s: Lin'nun-ra'ta (Bird-way).   The Milky-way.


s: Ly-lik'ki (Lyylik'ki).   Maker of the snow-shoe.


s: Maan-e'mo (man-e'mo).   The mother of the Earth.


s: Ma'hi-set (Maa'hi-set).   The invisibly small deities of Finnish


s: Mam'me-lai'nen.   The goddess of hidden treasures.


s: Ma'na.   A synonym of Tuoni, the god of death.


s: Mu-rik'ki (Muurik'ki).   The name of the cow.


s: Os-noi'nen.   A synonym of Wainola's hero.


s: O-ta'va.   The Great Bear of the heavens.


s: Pai'va-tar.   The goddess of the summer.


s: Pal-woi'nen.   A synonym of Turi, and also of Wirokannas.


s: Pa'nu.   The Fire-Child, born from the sword of Ukko.


s: Pa'ra.   A tripod-deity, presiding over milk and cheese.


s: Pel'ler-woi'nen.   The sower of the forests.


s: Pen'i-tar.   A blind witch of Pohyola; and the mother of the dog.


s: Pilt'ti.   The maid-servant of Mariatta.


s: Pi'men-to'la.   A province of Finland; another name for Pohyola.


s: Pi'ru.   The same as Lempo, Jutas, and Hisi.


s: Poh'ya (Poh'ja).   An abbreviated form for Pohyola.


s: Poh-yo'la (Poh-jo'la).   The Northland; Lapland.


s: Pok-ka'nen.   The Frost, the son of Puhuri; a synonym of Tiera.


s: Puh-hu'ri.   The North-wind; the father of Pokkanen.


s: Ru-o'tus.   A persecutor of the Virgin Mariatta.


s: Rut'ya (Rut'ja).   A waterfall of Northland.


s: Sa'wa (Sa'wo).   The eastern part of Finland.


s: Sim'a Pil'li (Honey-flute).   The flute of Sima-suu.


s: Sim'a-Suu.   One of the maidens of Tapio.


s: Sin'e-tar.   The goddess of the blue sky.


s: Si-net'ta-ret.   The goddesses of dyeing.


s: Suo'mi (swo'mi).   The ancient abode of the Finns.


s: Suo'ne-tar (swone-tar).   The goddess of the veins.


s: Suo'ya-tar (Syo'jatar).   The mother of the serpent.


s: Su've-tar (Suve, summer).   Goddess of the South-wind


s: Su-wan'to-lai'nen.   Another name for Wainamoinen.


s: Tu'a-me'tar.   Daughter of the Alder-tree.


s: Tu-le'tar (Tuule'tar).   A goddess of the winds.


s: Tu-lik'ki (Tuullk'ki).   One of the daughters of Tapio.


s: Tu'o-ne'tar.   The hostess of Death-land; a daughter of Tuoni.


s: Tu'ri (Tuuri).   The god of the Honey-land.


s: Turja (tur'ya).   Another name for Pohya.


s: Tur'ya-lan'der.   An epithet for one of the tribe of Louhi.


s: Tur'ya (Tyrja).   A name for the waterfall of Rutya.


s: Un'ta-ma'la.   A synonym for "the dismal Sariola."


s: Wai'no (Vai'no).   The same as Wainamoinen.


s: Wai-no'la.   The home of Wainamoinen and his people; a synonym of


s: Wuok'sen (Vuo'ksen).   A river in the east of Finland.


s: Thou hast brought the Northland daughter,


s: "Come, thou beauty, from the snow-sledge,


s: Come, descend thou from the cross-bench,


s: There to watch the young bride's coming,


s: Thou hast brought the sweet-voiced cuckoo,


s: Plucked the sweetest flower of Northland,


s: Hears the young child's speech in wonder,


s: Bleached them in the days of spring-time,


s: Straightway sings the songs that follow.


s: In their straw-shoes filled with joyance,


s: Lest the beer should taste of black-earth,


s: I will praise the young bride's playmate,


s: Thence has come the young bride's playmate,


s: Through the Northland fields and fallows;


s: Filled with stakes thou'lt find the court-yard,


s: Through my fire-throat let thee journey,


s: Through these flames shall be thy passage


s: Stretching crosswise through his pathway;


s: While their heads were skyward whirling,


s: Through the thousand tongues of serpents.


s: Thou shouldst raise thy head toward heaven,


s: Puffed with pride of thine own greatness,


s: Walls and ceilings creaked and murmured.


s: Shook his coal-black locks and answered:


s: Asked the blind, and deaf, and crippled,


s: Snatched his broadsword from the rafters,


s: Standing on their hilts their broadswords,


s: Stain with blood these floors and ceilings;


s: Have the Northland maidens scorned thee,


s: "Why the men their swords were whetting,


s: "Therefore do they whet their broadswords,


s: Peeled for fence-posts for the pastures.


s: Come with swords, and spears, and cross-bows,


s: Shouldst thou come with boats a thousand,


s: That the maids might lave their eyelids.


s: Quenched his thirst and stilled his hunger,


s: Where three dwellings were not standing;


s: Boards, and planks, and beams, and braces,


s: Strikes one blow, and builds the first part,


s: While the sail-yards greet their vision,


s: Blew the black winds from the north-west,


s: Then the ministrel [sic] looked about him,


s: Through the meadows, through the brambles,


s: O'er the hills, and through the valleys,


s: Thought that all the wives and daughters,


s: Gained the sea-shore curved and endless,


s: Freeze the swamps, and lakes, and rivers,


s: Froze the trees, the shoots, the grasses,


s: Made the stalks drop down their blossoms,


s: These the words the Frost-fiend uttered:


s: That would guide their wayward footsteps,


s: Through these Northland fields and forests?


s: On the fields may sport the elk-herds.'"


s: Thou hast reared thy broods of chickens,


s: Hatched and reared thy flights of white-swans


s: Hatched and raised some swans and chickens,


s: Rocked the third from morn till noontide;


s: Forwards, backwards, upwards, downwards,


s: Bursts with might his swaddling garments


s: Birch-trees with their hundred branches,


s: Burned the third from morn till evening.


s: Kills the young child while it slumbers,


s: Grinds his blade from morn till evening,


s: And the grain shall sprout and flourish,


s: Trimmed them with his blade for fence-posts,


s: Keep them from the hands of wild-beasts,


s: Therefore shouldst thou break this treaty,


s: Thou canst move through fields of acorns,


s: Through the swamps and fertile lowlands.


s: Straightway spake the words that follow:


s: And the blacksmith stopped and listened,


s: Where three water-falls will greet thee;


s: Wandered through the fields of Northland


s: There she called and called her daughter,


s: Couldst not row this boat to fragments."


s: This, perchance, will suit thee better."


s: Throw these fur-robes to the north-winds."


s: Shouldst thou hear that I have perished,


s: Sprinkle all these fields with tear-drops,


s: Cold and lifeless were the hearth-stones;


s: Throw thy fur-robes to the north-winds."


s: "When the blacksmith builds his snow-sledge,


s: This my sword shall drink her life-blood,


s: On the sword-point gleams the moonlight,


s: When my sails are filled with south-winds,


s: Flap the sails like wings of moor-cocks,


s: Steered his war-ship through the waters,


s: Steered the next through shallow waters,


s: Steered the third day through the rivers.


s: Steered his boat through winds and waters,


s: Through the sacred stream and whirlpool.


s: Rocks, and trees, and fish, and sea-duck;


s: From these jaws, and teeth, and fish-bones;


s: Whence the sweetly singing harp-strings?


s: When the young men touched the harp-strings,


s: Shrieked the harp-strings like the whirlwinds,


s: All the beasts that haunt the woodlands,


s: Leaned against the listening gate-posts,


s: Swift they left their unfledged young ones,


s: From the, clouds down swooped the falcon,


s: In their hands the Moon's fair daughters


s: Counts her herds, inspects her store-house;


s: Gave her brave men spears and broadswords;


s: Through the floods the boat came steering,


s: With their deadly spears and cross-bows,


s: "Down, ye spears, and down, ye broadswords,


s: Calling, screeching, from the sail-yards:


s: "Thence will come the sprouting seed-grain,


s: Freeze the crops on all thy corn-fields;


s: Drive the Frost-fiend from my corn-fields,


s: That our country's plagues may leave us,


s: Nor the thieves break through and pilfer,


s: Wandered through the sighing pine-woods,


s: Make thee laugh and sing with gladness."


s: Where shall I procure the harp-strings?"


s: Straightway leave their shining needles,


s: Gray-haired mothers with their daughters


s: Leave their beds, and eaves, and grottoes,


s: With thine arrows tipped with lightning,


s: Through the courts and halls of freedom."


s: Send these pains, and ills, and tortures,


s: Through this pour these pains and tortures,


s: Help me clear these boundless woodlands.


s: In the spring-time like the wild-goose."


s: With his friend, the, famous Light-foot,


s: Till the earth grew green and blossomed,


s: Filled with bear-steak for the feasting,


s: Teeth and claws of these were worthless,


s: Frightened with the spear and broadsword?"


s: Smoothed my pathway through the glen-wood.


s: That will count the teeth of Light-foot,


s: To the spruce-trees filled with needles,


s: Through the hills and dales of Northland


s: Stroked the Fire-child with her fingers,


s: Slipped the hands of her that nursed it.


s: First it burned the fields, and forests,


s: Called, and moaned, and swam, and circled,


s: Swallowed quick as light the lake-trout,


s: Drag it lengthwise, sidewise, crosswise,


s: Backwards, forwards, lengthwise, sidewise,


s: Through the reed-beds of the lake-trout,


s: Sow the flax, and spin the flax-threads,


s: There the seed took root and flourished,


s: Quickly broke, and combed, and smoothed it,


s: Draw it lengthwise, sidewise, crosswise,


s: Hastens through the fields and fenlands,


s: Wakes the child and speaks these measures:


s: Come, thou Long-man from the ice-plains,


s: With thine ice, and snow, and hoar-frost


s: From his couch of stone, the blacksmith,


s: Touched and turned them with his fingers,


s: Strikes a third time, cuts and conquers.


s: Through the crevice looked and wondered.


s: When the lambkins climbed the mountains,


s: Touched the trees, the grass she parted,


s: Straightway seeks her babe in Swamp-land,


s: Gathered strength, and light, and wisdom,


s: Aar'ni (Ar'ni).   The guardian of hidden treasures.


s: A-ha'va.   The West-wind; the father of the swift dogs.


s: Ah'to-la.   The water-castle of Ahto and his people.


s: Ah'to-lai'set.   The inhabitants of Ahtola.


s: Ai'ue-lake.   The lake into which the Fire-child falls.


s: An'te-ro.   Another name for Wipanen, or Antero Wipunen.


s: Dus'ter-land.   The Northland; Pimentola.


s: Et'e-le'tar.   A daugter of the South-wind.


s: Hal'ti-a (plural Haltiat).   The Genius of Finnish mythology.


s: Het'e-wa'ne.   The Finnish name of the Pleiades.


s: Mon'ja-tar.   The daughter of the Pine-tree.


s: I'ku-Tur'so.   An evil giant of the sea.


s: Im-a'tra.   A celebrated waterfall near Wiborg.


s: In'ger-land.   The present St. Petersburg.


s: Jor'dan.   Curiously, the river of Palestine.


s: Ju'tas (yu'tas).   The Evil Principle; Hisi, Piru, and Lempo are


s: Kal'e-va'tar (Kalewa'tar).   Daughter of Kaleva.


s: Kan'ka-hat'ta-ret.   The goddesses of weaving.


s: Ka'pe.   A synonym of Ilmatar, the mother of Wainamoinen.


s: Kar-ja'la, (karya'la).   The seat of the waterfall, Kaatrakoski.


s: Kat'e-ja'tar (kataya'tar).   The daughter of the Pine-tree.


s: Kat'ra-kos'ki (Kaatrakos'ki).   A waterfall in Karjala.


s: Kau'ko-miel'li.   The same as Lemminkainen.


s: Kaup'pi.   The Snowshoe-builder; Lylikki.


s: Kir'kon-Woe'ki.   Church dwarfs living under altars.


s: Kos'ken-nei'ti.   The goddess of the cataract.


s: Kul-ler'vo.   The vicious son of Kalervo.


s: Kul'ler-woi'nen.   The same as Kullervo.


s: Kul'li.   A beautiful daughter of Sahri.


s: Kun'tar.   One of the daughters of the Moon.


s: Lem'po.   The Evil Principle; same as Hisi, Piru, and Jutas.


s: Lin'nun-ra'ta (Bird-way).   The Milky-way.


s: Ly-lik'ki (Lyylik'ki).   Maker of the snow-shoe.


s: Maan-e'mo (man-e'mo).   The mother of the Earth.


s: Ma'hi-set (Maa'hi-set).   The invisibly small deities of Finnish


s: Mam'me-lai'nen.   The goddess of hidden treasures.


s: Ma'na.   A synonym of Tuoni, the god of death.


s: Mu-rik'ki (Muurik'ki).   The name of the cow.


s: Os-noi'nen.   A synonym of Wainola's hero.


s: O-ta'va.   The Great Bear of the heavens.


s: Pai'va-tar.   The goddess of the summer.


s: Pal-woi'nen.   A synonym of Turi, and also of Wirokannas.


s: Pa'nu.   The Fire-Child, born from the sword of Ukko.


s: Pa'ra.   A tripod-deity, presiding over milk and cheese.


s: Pel'ler-woi'nen.   The sower of the forests.


s: Pen'i-tar.   A blind witch of Pohyola; and the mother of the dog.


s: Pilt'ti.   The maid-servant of Mariatta.


s: Pi'men-to'la.   A province of Finland; another name for Pohyola.


s: Pi'ru.   The same as Lempo, Jutas, and Hisi.


s: Poh'ya (Poh'ja).   An abbreviated form for Pohyola.


s: Poh-yo'la (Poh-jo'la).   The Northland; Lapland.


s: Pok-ka'nen.   The Frost, the son of Puhuri; a synonym of Tiera.


s: Puh-hu'ri.   The North-wind; the father of Pokkanen.


s: Ru-o'tus.   A persecutor of the Virgin Mariatta.


s: Rut'ya (Rut'ja).   A waterfall of Northland.


s: Sa'wa (Sa'wo).   The eastern part of Finland.


s: Sim'a Pil'li (Honey-flute).   The flute of Sima-suu.


s: Sim'a-Suu.   One of the maidens of Tapio.


s: Sin'e-tar.   The goddess of the blue sky.


s: Si-net'ta-ret.   The goddesses of dyeing.


s: Suo'mi (swo'mi).   The ancient abode of the Finns.


s: Suo'ne-tar (swone-tar).   The goddess of the veins.


s: Suo'ya-tar (Syo'jatar).   The mother of the serpent.


s: Su've-tar (Suve, summer).   Goddess of the South-wind


s: Su-wan'to-lai'nen.   Another name for Wainamoinen.


s: Tu'a-me'tar.   Daughter of the Alder-tree.


s: Tu-le'tar (Tuule'tar).   A goddess of the winds.


s: Tu-lik'ki (Tuullk'ki).   One of the daughters of Tapio.


s: Tu'o-ne'tar.   The hostess of Death-land; a daughter of Tuoni.


s: Tu'ri (Tuuri).   The god of the Honey-land.


s: Turja (tur'ya).   Another name for Pohya.


s: Tur'ya-lan'der.   An epithet for one of the tribe of Louhi.


s: Tur'ya (Tyrja).   A name for the waterfall of Rutya.


s: Un'ta-ma'la.   A synonym for "the dismal Sariola."


s: Wai'no (Vai'no).   The same as Wainamoinen.


s: Wai-no'la.   The home of Wainamoinen and his people; a synonym of


s: Wuok'sen (Vuo'ksen).   A river in the east of Finland.


s: RUNE XVII. Wainamoinen finds the Lost Word


s: RUNE XXXIII. Kullervo and the Cheat-cake


s: RUNE XXXIV. Kullervo finds his Tribe-folk


s: RUNE XXXVI. Kullerwoinen's Victory and Death


s: RUNE XXXVIII. Ilmarinen's Fruitless Wooing


s: RUNE XLVII. Louhi steals Sun, Moon, and Fire


s: RUNE XLIX. Restoration of the Sun and Moon


s: RUNE L. Mariatta--Wainamoinen's Departure


s: Finland (Finnish, Suomi or Suomenmaa, the swampy region, of which


s: islands, and inlets, and they call themselves Suomilainen,


s: over-easy of access; nor is he a friend of new fashions.  Steady,


s: It may be interesting to note in this connection that Canon Isaac


s: The Finnish nation has one of the most sonorous and flexible of


s: languages.  Of the cultivated tongues of Europe, the Magyar, or


s: importance of their respective charges.  The lower grades of the


s: Finnish gods are sometimes subservient to the deities of greater


s: worshipers.  For example, when the Star and the Moon refuse the


s: Again when the devoted mother of the reckless hero, Lemminkainen,


s: however, is as farfetched as it is modern.  The Love-deity of the


s: Nowhere are the inconsistencies of human theory and practice more


s: Like Helheim of Scandinavian mythology, Manala, or Tuonela, was


s: The third daughter of Tuoni combines the malevolent and repugnant


s: affections, all those who neglect them at brewings, bakings, and


s: wizard-incantations, and all kinds of pagan folk-lore.  Gabriel


s: Porthan, a Finnish scholar of great attainments, born in 1766,


s: continuing the work of Juslenius, accumulated a great number of


s: national songs and poems, and by his profound enthusiasm for the


s: certainly neither of the scholars just mentioned, nor earlier


s: investigators, could fail to see that the runes they collected,


s: The Kalevala proper was collected by two great Finnish scholars,


s: described his journeyings and difficulties faithfully in a paper


s: minstrel of the country, and with whose closely impending death,


s: numerous very precious runes would have been irrevocably lost.


s: Lonnrot, however, did not stop here; he went on searching and


s: literatures display unmistakable features of Finnish influence.


s: The Kalevala describes Finnish nature very minutely and very


s: translated into several European languages; into Swedish by Alex.


s: Lapland, the mysterious Sampo, evidently the Golden Fleece of the


s: expressed in the runes, in the words of an infant; often too the


s: The Kalevala dates back to an enormous antiquity.  One reason for


s: English translation, are in the original metre of the Kalevala.


s: Helsingfors, the capital of Finland. Prof. Porter has very kindly


s: Frightened at the strife of storm-winds,


s: With the floods outstretched before her,


s: Stops the white-clouds in their courses,


s: Though the length of man's first finger,


s: Strikes the trunk with sharpened hatchet,


s: Where might sing the sweet-voiced cuckoo,


s: Soon the flames are fanned by north-winds,


s: Grasped the cloud, and hurled it earthward.


s: Strikes his courser with his birch-whip,


s: And with stars the heavens were sprinkled."


s: When were heaped the mountains round them,


s: When the skies with stars were sprinkled."


s: Let us try our strength with broadswords,


s: Fears to test his strength at broadswords,


s: Strives his best to move his right foot,


s: Brought it from the hard-fought battles."


s: Mouth once boastful filled with sea-weed,


s: "Wherefore dost thou break thy snow-sledge,


s: 'Give thy silver, Moon's fair daughters,


s: Through the sand and sea-washed pebbles.


s: "Hie e there, Long-legs, or we'll roast thee,


s: Streamlets formed from pearly tear-drops,


s: Lines, and hooks, and poles, arid fish-nets,


s: String, and shaft, and ends are finished,


s: Through the heart, and through the liver,


s: Through the head, and through the shoulders,


s: Thou didst leave the birch-tree standing,


s: Straightway rows with lightning swiftness,


s: Gives him warmth, and food, and shelter,


s: Good for thee, that thou shouldst linger


s: Hitched him to her sledge of birch-wood,


s: Thou shouldst cut the trees to fragments,


s: Through her rattling teeth she answered.


s: Where the white milk had been sprinkled.


s: Where the swans their nests have builded,


s: Where the wild geese hatch their goslings.


s: Skilled and nurtured in the coal-fields;


s: Hastened where the wolves had travelled,


s: Where the wolf treads in the swamp-lands,


s: Hammers knives, and forks, and hatchets,


s: In the breasts of God's three daughters,


s: Brought thee from the blackened swamp-lands,


s: Through the bones, and through the muscles,


s: Through the lungs, and heart, and liver,


s: Must not rush like brooks in spring-tide,


s: From the roots, and leaves, and blossoms.


s: Touched with it the splintered sandstone,


s: Healed my wounds and stilled mine anguish,


s: Straightway springs upon the cross-seat,


s: With the people filled with witchcraft."


s: Straightway climbed the golden fir-tree,


s: When the fire leaps through the windows,


s: With the clouds the black smoke mingles,


s: Makes three strong roots creep around it;


s: Should these mountains lose their cherry,


s: Praised throughout the whole of Ehstland;


s: Shouldst thou taunt the Sahri daughters.


s: Speaks these words to those that listen:


s: With my spear still filled with courage."


s: Roots of firs, and stumps of birch-trees.


s: Beams, and posts, and sills, and rafters,


s: Plowed the meadows filled with serpents,


s: There the Lapland maids will charm thee,


s: What the hatchet gains from flint-stone,


s: And what death purloins from tomb-stones.


s: "Couldst thou speak in tongues a hundred,


s: When the blood flows from that hair-brush,


s: Guard their doors, and roofs, and windows,


s: Guard the posts that bold the torch-lights,


s: With their knives, and swords, and cross-bows,


s: Called his brown steed from the pasture,


s: Hitched the fleet-foot to the snow-sledge,


s: That can loose my stallion's breastplate,


s: That can loose thy stallion's breastplate,


s: That can loose his leathern breast-straps,


s: That can give thee fleet-foot stallions,


s: Through the walls he beard them singing,


s: Through the doors the peals of laughter.


s: Found the court-rooms filled with singers,


s: Straightway sang the songs of witchcraft,


s: Filled their mouths with dust and ashes,


s: Why hast spared this wretched shepherd?"


s: Through the lowlands, o'er the mountains,


s: Straightway limping through the door-way,


s: Where the snow-shoes could be fashioned,


s: With both hands he grasped his snow-cane,


s: Through the open fields and court-yards,


s: Through the penthouse doors and gate-ways,


s: Then he stroked the captured wild-moose,


s: Through the paths of Lempo's wild-moose,


s: Greetings bring to those that greet you,


s: Fields, and streams, and woods of Lapland.


s: Hastens off through fields and moorlands,


s: Through the distant fields of Northland.


s: Should, perchance, the moose-deer wander


s: Sang his songs throughout the woodlands,


s: Through three mountain glens be sang them,


s: There the blood-stained son of death-land,


s: Till the sharpened axe strikes flint-sparks


s: Like the wolf she bounds through fenlands,


s: Like the wild-boar, through the marshes,


s: Seeks, and seeks, and does not find him.


s: Seeks, and seeks, and does not find him;


s: Give me warmth, and strength, and courage,


s: Still the heroes with their broadswords,


s: Drive through all the bones and channels,


s: Drive throughout these lifeless tissues,


s: Where the flesh is bruised and loosened,


s: Heart, and brain, and gland, and vessel,


s: Heals his wounds and stills his anguish;


s: Takes them on her, tongue and tests them,


s: Heals their wounds and stills their anguish,


s: Eyes, and ears, and tongue, and temples,


s: "Longer still thou wouldst have slumbered,


s: Blind, and halt, and poor, and wretched,


s: Build their nests and hatch their younglings


s: From its posts, and planks, and flooring.


s: Brings him pitchers filled with strong-beer,


s: Sets them lengthwise, sets them crosswise,


s: Through the coal-black stream of death-land,


s: Flee this place, thou plague of Northland,


s: From these pains and ceaseless tortures.


s: Come, ye mountains, with your wood-nymphs,


s: Twist their tails, and horns, and forelocks,


s: "If some scourge the winds have sent me,


s: "Wert thou sent here by the spring-floods,


s: "Shouldst thou find no place of resting,


s: Through nine brother-stallions thwarting,


s: "Shouldst thou ask for steeds for saddle,


s: Shouldst thou need a fleet-foot courser,


s: Darts like lightning through the valleys,


s: How the skies with stars were sprinkled.


s: Speaks these words in sailing northward,


s: Lines, and gaffs, and poles, and fish-nets;


s: In the long nights forge the snow-sledge,


s: Rings, and bracelets, pins and ear-drops,


s: Brought him gloves with golden wristlets,


s: Through the sand and falling snow-flakes


s: Strode he through the spacious court-yard,


s: Straightway left their work, and hastened


s: Young, and strong, and proud, and handsome,


s: Wouldst thou leave thy home and country,


s: Him that brings thee countless treasures,


s: Winds would rack our hearts and temples;


s: Filled with Northland's richest brewing;


s: Taste the drink that thou hast brought me,


s: Writ-he ye through the grass and stubble,


s: Pulled the clapboards from the studding,


s: Did the moonbeams bring this knowledge?"


s: Like the sea-pearls sang the grindstones.


s: Through the length and breadth of Northland,


s: There the young plant grew and flourished,


s: There perceived three smaller fir-trees,


s: Quickly climbed the dark-green branches,


s: Broke the young cones from the fir-tree,


s: "Then the bee, the swift-winged birdling,


s: "Whence are rising all these smoke-clouds,


s: Stared, and peered, and thought, and wondered,


s: Children's tongues are filled with questions,


s: Boiled, and foamed, and sang, and murmured:


s: Asked the friendless, asked the homeless


s: Found that they were friends and suitors.


s: Till the bench-guests chant thy virtues;


s: Children's songs are filled with trifles,


s: From the hearth-stone spake, the gray-beard


s: Stables filled with fleet-foot stallions,


s: "Wherefore, bridegroom, dost thou linger,


s: Couldst return, if thou shouldst wish it,


s: Changed, thy friends and nearest kindred,


s: Changed, thy father's ancient dwellings,


s: These the words that I have taught thee:


s: Soon, indeed, thou'lt feel the hardness,


s: 'Brush-wood,' will the father call thee,


s: 'Flight of Stairs,' thy stranger brother,


s: 'Scare-crow,' will the sister call thee,


s: Hadst thou nursed a block of birch-wood,


s: Hadst thou clothed the colored sandstone,


s: And his locks been combed by fir-boughs.


s: All the beasts that haunt the woodlands,


s: Then thy gray-beards would be black-dogs


s: Straightway thou must rise from slumber,


s: Bathe his eyes and smoothe his ringlets,


s: Knead with strength the dough for baking,


s: "Shouldst thou journey to the woodlands,


s: Spoons, and forks, and knives, and goblets,


s: Thrilled with song the hill and mountain,


s: Filled with wheat and corn, the islands,


s: Mouth and claws were from the black-wolf,


s: "There were rustling withered pine-trees.


s: Quench her thirst and cheer her spirits.'


s: Speaks these measures to the bridegroom:


s: While thy young bride's loom is humming,


s: Shall the young bride's loom be tightened?


s: Beer I bought, home-brewed and sparkling,


s: Spake these words from depths of sorrow:


s: From these dear old hills and mountains,


s: Greet the streams with trout disporting,


s: Greet the hills with stately pine-trees,


s: There appeared the blacksmith's furnace,


s: Thou hast brought the Northland daughter,


s: "Come, thou beauty, from the snow-sledge,


s: Come, descend thou from the cross-bench,


s: There to watch the young bride's coming,


s: Thou hast brought the sweet-voiced cuckoo,


s: Plucked the sweetest flower of Northland,


s: Hears the young child's speech in wonder,


s: Bleached them in the days of spring-time,


s: Straightway sings the songs that follow.


s: In their straw-shoes filled with joyance,


s: Lest the beer should taste of black-earth,


s: I will praise the young bride's playmate,


s: Thence has come the young bride's playmate,


s: Through the Northland fields and fallows;


s: Filled with stakes thou'lt find the court-yard,


s: Through my fire-throat let thee journey,


s: Through these flames shall be thy passage


s: Stretching crosswise through his pathway;


s: While their heads were skyward whirling,


s: Through the thousand tongues of serpents.


s: Thou shouldst raise thy head toward heaven,


s: Puffed with pride of thine own greatness,


s: Walls and ceilings creaked and murmured.


s: Shook his coal-black locks and answered:


s: Asked the blind, and deaf, and crippled,


s: Snatched his broadsword from the rafters,


s: Standing on their hilts their broadswords,


s: Stain with blood these floors and ceilings;


s: Have the Northland maidens scorned thee,


s: "Why the men their swords were whetting,


s: "Therefore do they whet their broadswords,


s: Peeled for fence-posts for the pastures.


s: Come with swords, and spears, and cross-bows,


s: Shouldst thou come with boats a thousand,


s: That the maids might lave their eyelids.


s: Quenched his thirst and stilled his hunger,


s: Where three dwellings were not standing;


s: Boards, and planks, and beams, and braces,


s: Strikes one blow, and builds the first part,


s: While the sail-yards greet their vision,


s: Blew the black winds from the north-west,


s: Then the ministrel [sic] looked about him,


s: Through the meadows, through the brambles,


s: O'er the hills, and through the valleys,


s: Thought that all the wives and daughters,


s: Gained the sea-shore curved and endless,


s: Freeze the swamps, and lakes, and rivers,


s: Froze the trees, the shoots, the grasses,


s: Made the stalks drop down their blossoms,


s: These the words the Frost-fiend uttered:


s: That would guide their wayward footsteps,


s: Through these Northland fields and forests?


s: On the fields may sport the elk-herds.'"


s: Thou hast reared thy broods of chickens,


s: Hatched and reared thy flights of white-swans


s: Hatched and raised some swans and chickens,


s: Rocked the third from morn till noontide;


s: Forwards, backwards, upwards, downwards,


s: Bursts with might his swaddling garments


s: Birch-trees with their hundred branches,


s: Burned the third from morn till evening.


s: Kills the young child while it slumbers,


s: Grinds his blade from morn till evening,


s: And the grain shall sprout and flourish,


s: Trimmed them with his blade for fence-posts,


s: Keep them from the hands of wild-beasts,


s: Therefore shouldst thou break this treaty,


s: Thou canst move through fields of acorns,


s: Through the swamps and fertile lowlands.


s: Straightway spake the words that follow:


s: And the blacksmith stopped and listened,


s: Where three water-falls will greet thee;


s: Wandered through the fields of Northland


s: There she called and called her daughter,


s: Couldst not row this boat to fragments."


s: This, perchance, will suit thee better."


s: Throw these fur-robes to the north-winds."


s: Shouldst thou hear that I have perished,


s: Sprinkle all these fields with tear-drops,


s: Cold and lifeless were the hearth-stones;


s: Throw thy fur-robes to the north-winds."


s: "When the blacksmith builds his snow-sledge,


s: This my sword shall drink her life-blood,


s: On the sword-point gleams the moonlight,


s: When my sails are filled with south-winds,


s: Flap the sails like wings of moor-cocks,


s: Steered his war-ship through the waters,


s: Steered the next through shallow waters,


s: Steered the third day through the rivers.


s: Steered his boat through winds and waters,


s: Through the sacred stream and whirlpool.


s: Rocks, and trees, and fish, and sea-duck;


s: From these jaws, and teeth, and fish-bones;


s: Whence the sweetly singing harp-strings?


s: When the young men touched the harp-strings,


s: Shrieked the harp-strings like the whirlwinds,


s: All the beasts that haunt the woodlands,


s: Leaned against the listening gate-posts,


s: Swift they left their unfledged young ones,


s: From the, clouds down swooped the falcon,


s: In their hands the Moon's fair daughters


s: Counts her herds, inspects her store-house;


s: Gave her brave men spears and broadswords;


s: Through the floods the boat came steering,


s: With their deadly spears and cross-bows,


s: "Down, ye spears, and down, ye broadswords,


s: Calling, screeching, from the sail-yards:


s: "Thence will come the sprouting seed-grain,


s: Freeze the crops on all thy corn-fields;


s: Drive the Frost-fiend from my corn-fields,


s: That our country's plagues may leave us,


s: Nor the thieves break through and pilfer,


s: Wandered through the sighing pine-woods,


s: Make thee laugh and sing with gladness."


s: Where shall I procure the harp-strings?"


s: Straightway leave their shining needles,


s: Gray-haired mothers with their daughters


s: Leave their beds, and eaves, and grottoes,


s: With thine arrows tipped with lightning,


s: Through the courts and halls of freedom."


s: Send these pains, and ills, and tortures,


s: Through this pour these pains and tortures,


s: Help me clear these boundless woodlands.


s: In the spring-time like the wild-goose."


s: With his friend, the, famous Light-foot,


s: Till the earth grew green and blossomed,


s: Filled with bear-steak for the feasting,


s: Teeth and claws of these were worthless,


s: Frightened with the spear and broadsword?"


s: Smoothed my pathway through the glen-wood.


s: That will count the teeth of Light-foot,


s: To the spruce-trees filled with needles,


s: Through the hills and dales of Northland


s: Stroked the Fire-child with her fingers,


s: Slipped the hands of her that nursed it.


s: First it burned the fields, and forests,


s: Called, and moaned, and swam, and circled,


s: Swallowed quick as light the lake-trout,


s: Drag it lengthwise, sidewise, crosswise,


s: Backwards, forwards, lengthwise, sidewise,


s: Through the reed-beds of the lake-trout,


s: Sow the flax, and spin the flax-threads,


s: There the seed took root and flourished,


s: Quickly broke, and combed, and smoothed it,


s: Draw it lengthwise, sidewise, crosswise,


s: Hastens through the fields and fenlands,


s: Wakes the child and speaks these measures:


s: Come, thou Long-man from the ice-plains,


s: With thine ice, and snow, and hoar-frost


s: From his couch of stone, the blacksmith,


s: Touched and turned them with his fingers,


s: Strikes a third time, cuts and conquers.


s: Through the crevice looked and wondered.


s: When the lambkins climbed the mountains,


s: Touched the trees, the grass she parted,


s: Straightway seeks her babe in Swamp-land,


s: Gathered strength, and light, and wisdom,


s: Aar'ni (Ar'ni).   The guardian of hidden treasures.


s: A-ha'va.   The West-wind; the father of the swift dogs.


s: Ah'to-la.   The water-castle of Ahto and his people.


s: Ah'to-lai'set.   The inhabitants of Ahtola.


s: Ai'ue-lake.   The lake into which the Fire-child falls.


s: An'te-ro.   Another name for Wipanen, or Antero Wipunen.


s: Dus'ter-land.   The Northland; Pimentola.


s: Et'e-le'tar.   A daugter of the South-wind.


s: Hal'ti-a (plural Haltiat).   The Genius of Finnish mythology.


s: Het'e-wa'ne.   The Finnish name of the Pleiades.


s: Mon'ja-tar.   The daughter of the Pine-tree.


s: I'ku-Tur'so.   An evil giant of the sea.


s: Im-a'tra.   A celebrated waterfall near Wiborg.


s: In'ger-land.   The present St. Petersburg.


s: Jor'dan.   Curiously, the river of Palestine.


s: Ju'tas (yu'tas).   The Evil Principle; Hisi, Piru, and Lempo are


s: Kal'e-va'tar (Kalewa'tar).   Daughter of Kaleva.


s: Kan'ka-hat'ta-ret.   The goddesses of weaving.


s: Ka'pe.   A synonym of Ilmatar, the mother of Wainamoinen.


s: Kar-ja'la, (karya'la).   The seat of the waterfall, Kaatrakoski.


s: Kat'e-ja'tar (kataya'tar).   The daughter of the Pine-tree.


s: Kat'ra-kos'ki (Kaatrakos'ki).   A waterfall in Karjala.


s: Kau'ko-miel'li.   The same as Lemminkainen.


s: Kaup'pi.   The Snowshoe-builder; Lylikki.


s: Kir'kon-Woe'ki.   Church dwarfs living under altars.


s: Kos'ken-nei'ti.   The goddess of the cataract.


s: Kul-ler'vo.   The vicious son of Kalervo.


s: Kul'ler-woi'nen.   The same as Kullervo.


s: Kul'li.   A beautiful daughter of Sahri.


s: Kun'tar.   One of the daughters of the Moon.


s: Lem'po.   The Evil Principle; same as Hisi, Piru, and Jutas.


s: Lin'nun-ra'ta (Bird-way).   The Milky-way.


s: Ly-lik'ki (Lyylik'ki).   Maker of the snow-shoe.


s: Maan-e'mo (man-e'mo).   The mother of the Earth.


s: Ma'hi-set (Maa'hi-set).   The invisibly small deities of Finnish


s: Mam'me-lai'nen.   The goddess of hidden treasures.


s: Ma'na.   A synonym of Tuoni, the god of death.


s: Mu-rik'ki (Muurik'ki).   The name of the cow.


s: Os-noi'nen.   A synonym of Wainola's hero.


s: O-ta'va.   The Great Bear of the heavens.


s: Pai'va-tar.   The goddess of the summer.


s: Pal-woi'nen.   A synonym of Turi, and also of Wirokannas.


s: Pa'nu.   The Fire-Child, born from the sword of Ukko.


s: Pa'ra.   A tripod-deity, presiding over milk and cheese.


s: Pel'ler-woi'nen.   The sower of the forests.


s: Pen'i-tar.   A blind witch of Pohyola; and the mother of the dog.


s: Pilt'ti.   The maid-servant of Mariatta.


s: Pi'men-to'la.   A province of Finland; another name for Pohyola.


s: Pi'ru.   The same as Lempo, Jutas, and Hisi.


s: Poh'ya (Poh'ja).   An abbreviated form for Pohyola.


s: Poh-yo'la (Poh-jo'la).   The Northland; Lapland.


s: Pok-ka'nen.   The Frost, the son of Puhuri; a synonym of Tiera.


s: Puh-hu'ri.   The North-wind; the father of Pokkanen.


s: Ru-o'tus.   A persecutor of the Virgin Mariatta.


s: Rut'ya (Rut'ja).   A waterfall of Northland.


s: Sa'wa (Sa'wo).   The eastern part of Finland.


s: Sim'a Pil'li (Honey-flute).   The flute of Sima-suu.


s: Sim'a-Suu.   One of the maidens of Tapio.


s: Sin'e-tar.   The goddess of the blue sky.


s: Si-net'ta-ret.   The goddesses of dyeing.


s: Suo'mi (swo'mi).   The ancient abode of the Finns.


s: Suo'ne-tar (swone-tar).   The goddess of the veins.


s: Suo'ya-tar (Syo'jatar).   The mother of the serpent.


s: Su've-tar (Suve, summer).   Goddess of the South-wind


s: Su-wan'to-lai'nen.   Another name for Wainamoinen.


s: Tu'a-me'tar.   Daughter of the Alder-tree.


s: Tu-le'tar (Tuule'tar).   A goddess of the winds.


s: Tu-lik'ki (Tuullk'ki).   One of the daughters of Tapio.


s: Tu'o-ne'tar.   The hostess of Death-land; a daughter of Tuoni.


s: Tu'ri (Tuuri).   The god of the Honey-land.


s: Turja (tur'ya).   Another name for Pohya.


s: Tur'ya-lan'der.   An epithet for one of the tribe of Louhi.


s: Tur'ya (Tyrja).   A name for the waterfall of Rutya.


s: Un'ta-ma'la.   A synonym for "the dismal Sariola."


s: Wai'no (Vai'no).   The same as Wainamoinen.


s: Wai-no'la.   The home of Wainamoinen and his people; a synonym of


s: Wuok'sen (Vuo'ksen).   A river in the east of Finland.


s: Books afford Consolation to the troubled Mind by substituting a


s: Religion often more dangerous than her Foes--Sceptical Authors--


s: Reasoning and Admonition conclude the subject.


s: When the sad soul, by care and grief oppress'd,


s: Looks round the world, but looks in vain for rest;


s: Partakes her gloom and seems dejected too;


s: Where shall affliction from itself retire?


s: Care blasts the honours of the flow'ry plain:


s: Care veils in clouds the sun's meridian beam,


s: Sighs through the grove, and murmurs in the stream;


s: For when the soul is labouring in despair,


s: No storm-tost sailor sighs for slumbering seas,-


s: He dreads the tempest, but invokes the breeze;


s: On the smooth mirror of the deep resides


s: The ghost of every former danger glides.


s: But lively gales and gently clouded skies


s: Disperse the sad reflections as they rise;


s: And busy thoughts and little cares avail


s: To ease the mind, when rest and reason fail.


s: When the dull thought, by no designs employ'd,


s: Dwells on the past, or suffer'd or enjoy'd,


s: Not Hope herself, with all her flattering art,


s: Can cure this stubborn sickness of the heart:


s: The soul disdains each comfort she prepares,


s: And anxious searches for congenial cares;


s: Those lenient cares, which with our own combined,


s: By mix'd sensations ease th' afflicted mind,


s: And steal our grief away, and leave their own behind;


s: A lighter grief! which feeling hearts endure


s: But what strange art, what magic can dispose


s: The troubled mind to change its native woes?


s: Or lead us willing from ourselves, to see


s: Others more wretched, more undone than we?


s: This BOOKS can do;--nor this alone; they give


s: New views to life, and teach us how to live;


s: They soothe the grieved, the stubborn they chastise,


s: Fools they admonish, and confirm the wise:


s: Their aid they yield to all:  they never shun


s: The man of sorrow, nor the wretch undone:


s: Unlike the hard, the selfish, and the proud,


s: They fly not sullen from the suppliant crowd;


s: Nor tell to various people various things,


s: But show to subjects what they show to kings.


s: Come, Child of Care! to make thy soul serene,


s: Approach the treasures of this tranquil scene;


s: Survey the dome, and, as the doors unfold,


s: The soul's best cure, in all her cares, behold!


s: Where mental wealth the poor in thought may find,


s: See here the balms that passion's wounds assuage;


s: See coolers here, that damp the fire of rage;


s: Here alt'ratives, by slow degrees control


s: And round the heart and o'er the aching head,


s: Mild opiates here their sober influence shed.


s: Now bid thy soul man's busy scenes exclude,


s: And view composed this silent multitude:-


s: Silent they are--but though deprived of sound,


s: Here all that live no more; preserved they lie,


s: Blest be the gracious Power, who taught mankind


s: Beasts may convey, and tuneful birds may sing,


s: Their mutual feelings, in the opening spring ;


s: But Man alone has skill and power to send


s: The heart's warm dictates to the distant friend;


s: 'Tis his alone to please, instruct, advise


s: In sweet repose, when Labour's children sleep,


s: When Joy forgets to smile and Care to weep,


s: When Passion slumbers in the lover's breast,


s: And Fear and Guilt partake the balm of rest,


s: Why then denies the studious man to share


s: Man's common good, who feels his common care?


s: Because the hope is his, that bids him fly


s: Night's soft repose, and sleep's mild power defy;


s: And fame's fair meed be his, for length of days.


s: Delightful prospect! when we leave behind


s: A worthy offspring of the fruitful mind!


s: Which, born and nursed through many an anxious day,


s: Shall all our labour, all our care repay.


s: Yet all are not these births of noble kind,


s: Not all the children of a vigorous mind;


s: But where the wisest should alone preside,


s: The weak would rule us, and the blind would guide;


s: Nay, man's best efforts taste of man, and show


s: The poor and troubled source from which they flow;


s: Where most he triumphs we his wants perceive,


s: And for his weakness in his wisdom grieve.


s: But though imperfect all; yet wisdom loves


s: This seat serene, and virtue's self approves:-


s: Here come the grieved, a change of thought to find;


s: The curious here to feed a craving mind;


s: Here the devout their peaceful temple choose;


s: And here the poet meets his favouring Muse.


s: With awe, around these silent walks I tread;


s: These are the lasting mansions of the dead:-


s: "The dead!" methinks a thousand tongues reply;


s: "These are the tombs of such as cannot die!"


s: Crown'd with eternal fame, they sit sublime,


s: "And laugh at all the little strife of time."


s: Hail, then, immortals! ye who shine above,


s: And ye the common people of these skies,


s: Whether 'tis yours to lead the willing mind


s: Through History's mazes, and the turnings find;


s: Whether the Muse invites you to her bowers,


s: And crowns your placid brows with living flowers;


s: Whatever good ye boast, that good impart;


s: And mighty folios first, a lordly band ;


s: Then quartos their well-order'd ranks maintain,


s: And light octavos fill a spacious plain:


s: See yonder, ranged in more frequented rows,


s: While undistinguish'd trifles swell the scene,


s: The last new play and fritter'd magazine.


s: Thus 'tis in life, where first the proud, the great,


s: In leagued assembly keep their cumbrous state;


s: Heavy and huge, they fill the world with dread,


s: Are much admired, and are but little read:


s: The commons next, a middle rank, are found;


s: Professions fruitful pour their offspring round;


s: Reasoners and wits are next their place allowed,


s: And last, of vulgar tribes a countless crowd.


s: First, let us view the form, the size, the dress;


s: For these the manners, nay the mind, express:


s: That weight of wood, with leathern coat o'erlaid;


s: Those ample clasps, of solid metal made;


s: The close-press'd leaves, unclosed for many an age;


s: The dull red edging of the well-fill'd page;


s: On the broad back the stubborn ridges roll'd,


s: Where yet the title stands in tarnish'd gold;


s: These all a sage and labour'd work proclaim,


s: No playful thoughts degrade the solemn style,


s: Nor one light sentence claims a transient smile.


s: Hence, in these times, untouch'd the pages lie,


s: They HAD their day, when, after after all his toil,


s: His morning study, and his midnight oil,


s: At length an author's ONE great work appeared,


s: By patient hope, and length of days, endear'd:


s: Expecting nations hail'd it from the press;


s: Poetic friends prefix'd each kind address;


s: Princes and kings received the pond'rous gift,


s: And ladies read the work they could not lift.


s: Fashion, though Folly's child, and guide of fools,


s: Rules e'en the wisest, and in learning rules;


s: From crowds and courts to "Wisdom's seat she goes


s: And reigns triumphant o'er her mother's foes.


s: For lo! these fav'rites of the ancient mode


s: Lie all neglected like the Birthday Ode.


s: Ah! needless now this weight of massy chain; {2}


s: Safe in themselves, the once-loved works remain;


s: No readers now invade their still retreat,


s: None try to steal them from their parent-seat;


s: Like ancient beauties, they may now discard


s: Chains, bolts, and locks, and lie without a guard.


s: Our patient fathers trifling themes laid by,


s: And roll'd, o'er labour'd works, th' attentive eye:


s: Explored the deeps and shallows of the pen:


s: Till, every former note and comment known,


s: They mark'd the spacious margin with their own;


s: Minute corrections proved their studious care;


s: The little index, pointing, told us where;


s: Look'd far beyond the rubric title-page.


s: Bibles, with cuts and comments, thus go down:


s: E'en light Voltaire is NUMBER'D through the town:


s: Thus physic flies abroad, and thus the law,


s: From men of study, and from men of straw;


s: Abstracts, abridgments, please the fickle times,


s: Pamphlets and plays, and politics and rhymes:


s: But though to write be now a task of ease,


s: The task is hard by manly arts to please,


s: When all our weakness is exposed to view,


s: Amid these works, on which the eager eye


s: Delights to fix, or glides reluctant by,


s: When all combined, their decent pomp display,


s: Where shall we first our early offering pay?


s: And guide of mortals, through their mental night;


s: By whom we learn our hopes and fears to guide;


s: To bear with pain, and to contend with pride;


s: When grieved, to pray; when injured, to forgive;


s: Not truths like these inspired that numerous race,


s: Whose pious labours fill this ample space;


s: But questions nice, where doubt on doubt arose,


s: For dubious meanings, learned polemics strove,


s: And wars on faith prevented works of love;


s: The brands of discord far around were hurl'd,


s: And holy wrath inflamed a sinful world:-


s: Dull though impatient, peevish though devout,


s: With wit disgusting, and despised without;


s: Peace in their looks, and vengeance in their pen.


s: Methinks I see, and sicken at the sight,


s: Spirits of spleen from yonder pile alight;


s: Spirits who prompted every damning page,


s: With pontiff pride and still-increasing rage:


s: Lo! how they stretch their gloomy wings around,


s: And lash with furious strokes the trembling ground!


s: They pray, they fight, they murder, and they weep,-


s: Wolves in their vengeance, in their manners sheep;


s: Too well they act the prophet's fatal part,


s: And each, like Jonah, is displeased if God


s: But here the dormant fury rests unsought,


s: And Zeal sleeps soundly by the foes she fought;


s: And rival zealots rest like bosom-friends:


s: Sleeps with the fiercest of his Arian foes;


s: And thin partitions angry chiefs divide;


s: And Bellarmine has rest at Luther's feet.


s: Great authors, for the church's glory fired,


s: Are for the church's peace to rest retired;


s: And close beside, a mystic, maudlin race,


s: Her sacred truths, but often fears her friends:


s: If learn'd, their pride, if weak, their zeal she dreads,


s: And their hearts' weakness, who have soundest heads.


s: But most she fears the controversial pen,


s: Who the blest Gospel's peaceful page explore,


s: Only to fight against its precepts more.


s: Near to these seats behold yon slender frames,


s: All closely fill'd and mark'd with modern names;


s: Where no fair science ever shows her face,


s: Few sparks of genius, and no spark of grace;


s: There sceptics rest, a still-increasing throng,


s: And stretch their widening wings ten thousand strong;


s: Some in close fight their dubious claims maintain;


s: Some skirmish lightly, fly, and fight again;


s: Their end the same, though various in their way.


s: When first Religion came to bless the land,


s: Her friends were then a firm believing band;


s: To doubt was then to plunge in guilt extreme,


s: And all was gospel that a monk could dream;


s: Insulted Reason fled the grov'lling soul,


s: For Fear to guide, and visions to control:


s: But now, when Reason has assumed her throne,


s: She, in her turn, demands to reign alone;


s: Rejecting all that lies beyond her view,


s: And, being judge, will be a witness too:


s: Insulted Faith then leaves the doubtful mind,


s: To seek for truth, without a power to find:


s: Ah! when will both in friendly beams unite,


s: And pour on erring man resistless light?


s: Next to the seats, well stored with works divine,


s: Our reason's guide, by whose assisting light


s: We trace the moral bounds of wrong and right;


s: Our guide through nature, from the sterile clay,


s: To the bright orbs of yon celestial way!


s: 'Tis thine, the great, the golden chain to trace,


s: Which runs through all, connecting race with race;


s: Save where those puzzling, stubborn links remain,


s: Which thy inferior light pursues in vain:-


s: How vice and virtue in the soul contend;


s: How widely differ, yet how nearly blend;


s: What various passions war on either part,


s: And now confirm, now melt the yielding heart:


s: How Fancy loves around the world to stray,


s: While Judgment slowly picks his sober way;


s: The stores of memory, and the flights sublime


s: Of genius, bound by neither space nor time; -


s: Till, lost in awe, she wonders and adores.


s: From these, descending to the earth, she turns,


s: And matter, in its various forms, discerns;


s: She parts the beamy light with skill profound,


s: Metes the thin air, and weighs the flying sound;


s: 'Tis hers the lightning from the clouds to call,


s: And teach the fiery mischief where to fall.


s: Yet more her volumes teach,--on these we look


s: As abstracts drawn from Nature's larger book:


s: Here, first described, the torpid earth appears,


s: Where flow'ry tribes, in valleys, fields, and groves,


s: Nurse the still flame, and feed the silent loves;


s: Loves where no grief, nor joy, nor bliss, nor pain,


s: Warm the glad heart or vex the labouring brain;


s: But as the green blood moves along the blade,


s: Where, without passion love instinctive lives,


s: And gives new life, unconscious that it gives.


s: Advancing still in Nature's maze, we trace,


s: In dens and burning plains, her savage race


s: With those tame tribes who on their lord attend,


s: Man crowns the scene, a world of wonders new,


s: A moral world, that well demands our view.


s: This world is here; for, of more lofty kind,


s: These neighbouring volumes reason on the mind;


s: They paint the state of man ere yet endued


s: With knowledge;--man, poor, ignorant, and rude;


s: Then, as his state improves, their pages swell,


s: And all its cares, and all its comforts, tell:


s: At little price, the wisdom of the wise;


s: Without the troubles of an active state,


s: Without the cares and dangers of the great,


s: Without the miseries of the poor, we know


s: What wisdom, wealth, and poverty bestow;


s: We see how reason calms the raging mind,


s: And how contending passions urge mankind:


s: Some, won by virtue, glow with sacred fire;


s: Some, lured by vice, indulge the low desire;


s: Whilst others, won by either, now pursue


s: The guilty chase, now keep the good in view;


s: For ever wretched, with themselves at strife,


s: They lead a puzzled, vex'd, uncertain life;


s: For transient vice bequeaths a lingering pain,


s: Which transient virtue seeks to cure in vain.


s: Whilst thus engaged, high views enlarge the soul,


s: New interests draw, new principles control:


s: Nor thus the soul alone resigns her grief,


s: But here the tortured body finds relief;


s: For see where yonder sage Arachne shapes


s: Her subtile gin, that not a fly escapes!


s: There PHYSIC fills the space, and far around,


s: Pile above pile her learned works abound:


s: Glorious their aim- to ease the labouring heart;


s: To war with death, and stop his flying dart;


s: To trace the source whence the fierce contest grew,


s: And life's short lease on easier terms renew;


s: To calm the phrensy of the burning brain;


s: Or, when more powerful ills all efforts brave,


s: And smooth the stormy passage to the grave.


s: But man, who knows no good unmix'd and pure,


s: Oft finds a poison where he sought a cure;


s: For grave deceivers lodge their labours here,


s: And cloud the science they pretend to clear;


s: Scourges for sin, the solemn tribe are sent;


s: Like fire and storms, they call us to repent;


s: But storms subside, and fires forget to rage.


s: Spreads desolations round a guilty land;


s: But train'd to ill, and harden'd by its crimes,


s: Their pen relentless kills through future times.


s: Say, ye, who search these records of the dead-


s: Who read huge works, to boast what ye have read;


s: Or those--if such there are--who more than guess,


s: Atone for each impostor's wild mistakes,


s: And mend the blunders pride or folly makes ?


s: What thought so wild, what airy dream so light,


s: That will not prompt a theorist to write?


s: What art so prevalent, what proof so strong,


s: That will convince him his attempt is wrong?


s: One in the solids finds each lurking ill,


s: Nor grants the passive fluids power to kill;


s: A learned friend some subtler reason brings,


s: Absolves the channels, but condemns their springs;


s: The subtile nerves, that shun the doctor's eye,


s: The vital heat, that warms the labouring heart,


s: Lends a fair system to these sons of art;


s: The vital air, a pure and subtile stream,


s: Assists the doctor, and supports his dream.


s: Some have their favourite ills, and each disease


s: Is but a younger branch that kills from these;


s: One to the gout contracts all human pain;


s: He views it raging in the frantic brain;


s: And sees it lurking in the cold catarrh:


s: Bilious by some, by others nervous seen,


s: Rage the fantastic demons of the spleen;


s: And every symptom of the strange disease


s: The tedious hours, and ne'er indulged in song;


s: Who promised knowledge ye could not impart;


s: Ye dull deluders, truth's destructive foes;


s: Ye sons of fiction, clad in stupid prose;


s: Ye treacherous leaders, who, yourselves in doubt,


s: Light up false fires, and send us far about;-


s: Still may yon spider round your pages spin,


s: Buried in dust and lost in silence, dwell,


s: Most potent, grave, and reverend friends--farewell!


s: Near these, and where the setting sun displays,


s: Through the dim window, his departing rays,


s: And gilds yon columns, there, on either side,


s: Fruitful as vice the dread correctors stand,


s: And spread their guardian terrors round the land;


s: Skill'd in deceit, and practised to evade,


s: Knaves stand secure, for whom these laws were made,


s: And justice vainly each expedient tries,


s: While art eludes it, or while power defies.


s: "Ah! happy age," the youthful poet sings,


s: "When the free nations knew not laws nor kings,


s: When all were blest to share a common store,


s: And none were proud of wealth, for none were poor,


s: No wars nor tumults vex'd each still domain,


s: No proud great man, nor one who would be great,


s: Drove modest merit from its proper state;


s: Nor into distant climes would Avarice roam,


s: Bound by no ties which kept the soul in awe,


s: They dwelt at liberty, and love was law!"


s: "Mistaken youth! each nation first was rude,


s: To whom no joys of social life were known,


s: None felt a care that was not all his own;


s: Or in some languid clime his abject soul


s: Bow'd to a little tyrant's stern control;


s: A slave, with slaves his monarch's throne he raised,


s: And in rude song his ruder idol praised;


s: The meaner cares of life were all he knew;


s: Bounded his pleasures, and his wishes few;


s: But when by slow degrees the Arts arose,


s: And Science waken'd from her long repose;


s: When Commerce, rising from the bed of ease,


s: Ran round the land, and pointed to the seas;


s: And Avarice, lent their spurs to industry;


s: Then one by one the numerous laws were made,


s: Those to control, and these to succour trade;


s: To snatch the victim from the usurer's hand;


s: To awe the bold, to yield the wrong'd redress,


s: And feed the poor with Luxury's excess." {3}


s: Like some vast flood, unbounded, fierce, and strong,


s: Like mighty bulwarks made to stem that tide,


s: The laws are form'd, and placed on ev'ry side;


s: Whene'er it breaks the bounds by these decreed,


s: New statutes rise, and stronger laws succeed;


s: More and more gentle grows the dying stream,


s: More and more strong the rising bulwarks seem;


s: Till, like a miner working sure and slow,


s: The stately fabric, shakes and falls away;


s: But Freedom, that exalts the savage state, is gone.


s: Next, HISTORY ranks;--there full in front she lies,


s: And every nation her dread tale supplies;


s: Yet History has her doubts, and every age


s: With sceptic queries marks the passing page;


s: Records of old nor later date are clear,


s: Too distant those, and these are placed too near;


s: There time conceals the objects from our view,


s: Here our own passions and a writer's too:


s: Yet, in these volumes, see how states arose!


s: Guarded by virtue from surrounding foes;


s: Their virtue lost, and of their triumphs vain,


s: Satiate with power, of fame and wealth possess'd,


s: A nation grows too glorious to be blest;


s: Conspicuous made, she stands the mark of all,


s: And foes join foes to triumph in her fall.


s: Thus speaks the page that paints ambition's race,


s: The monarch's pride, his glory, his disgrace;


s: The headlong course, that madd'ning heroes run,


s: How soon triumphant, and how soon undone;


s: How slaves, turn'd tyrants, offer crowns to sale,


s: And each fall'n nation's melancholy tale.


s: Lo! where of late the Book of Martyrs stood,


s: Old pious tracts, and Bibles bound in wood;


s: There, such the taste of our degenerate age,


s: Stand the profane delusions of the STAGE:


s: Yet virtue owns the TRAGIC MUSE a friend,


s: For this she rules all passions in their turns,


s: And now the bosom bleeds, and now it burns;


s: Her anger swells, her terror chills the soul;


s: She makes the vile to virtue yield applause,


s: And own her sceptre while they break her laws;


s: And villains triumph when the worthless fall.


s: Who shoots at Folly, for her arrow fails;


s: Folly, by Dulness arm'd, eludes the wound,


s: And harmless sees the feather'd shafts rebound;


s: Unhurt she stands, applauds the archer's skill,


s: Laughs at her malice, and is Folly still.


s: Yet well the Muse portrays, in fancied scenes,


s: What pride will stoop to, what profession means;


s: How formal fools the farce of state applaud;


s: How caution watches at the lips of fraud;


s: The snares for innocence, the lie of trade,


s: And the smooth tongue's habitual masquerade.


s: With her the Virtues too obtain a place,


s: Each gentle passion, each becoming grace;


s: Its easy pleasure, its substantial good;


s: The happy thought that conscious virtue gives,


s: And all that ought to live, and all that lives.


s: But who are these? Methinks a noble mien


s: And awful grandeur in their form are seen,


s: Now in disgrace:  what though by time is spread


s: Polluting dust o'er every reverend head;


s: What though beneath yon gilded tribe they lie,


s: What seems so grave, should no attention draw!


s: Come, let us then with reverend step advance,


s: And greet--the ancient worthies of ROMANCE.


s: Hence, ye profane! I feel a former dread,


s: A thousand visions float around my head:


s: Hark! hollow blasts through empty courts resound,


s: And shadowy forms with staring eyes stalk round;


s: See! moats and bridges, walls and castles rise,


s: Ghosts, fairies, demons, dance before our eyes;


s: Lo! magic verse inscribed on golden gate,


s: And bloody hand that beckons on to fate:-


s: "And who art thou, thou little page, unfold?


s: Say, doth thy lord my Claribel withhold?


s: Go tell him straight, Sir Knight, thou must resign


s: The captive queen;--for Claribel is mine."


s: Away he flies; and now for bloody deeds,


s: Black suits of armour, masks, and foaming steeds;


s: The giant falls; his recreant throat I seize,


s: And from his corslet take the massy keys:-


s: Dukes, lords, and knights, in long procession move,


s: Released from bondage with my virgin love:-


s: She comes! she comes! in all the charms of youth,


s: O'er worlds bewitch'd, in early rapture dreams,


s: Where wild Enchantment waves her potent wand,


s: And Fancy's beauties fill her fairy land;


s: Where doubtful objects strange desires excite,


s: But lost, for ever lost, to me these joys,


s: Which Reason scatters, and which Time destroys;


s: Too dearly bought:  maturer judgment calls


s: My busied mind from tales and madrigals;


s: My doughty giants all are slain or fled,


s: And all my knignts--blue, green, and yellow--dead!


s: No more the midnight fairy tribe I view,


s: All in the merry moonshine tippling dew;


s: E'en the last lingering fiction of the brain,


s: The churchyard ghost, is now at rest again;


s: And all these wayward wanderings of my youth


s: Fly Reason's power, and shun the light of Truth.


s: Is it then right to dream the syrens sing?


s: Or mount enraptured on the dragon's wing?


s: No; 'tis the infant mind, to care unknown,


s: That makes th' imagined paradise its own;


s: Light slumbers vanish from the clouded eyes:


s: The tear and smile, that once together rose,


s: Are then divorced; the head and heart are foes:


s: Enchantment bows to Wisdom's serious plan,


s: And Pain and Prudence make and mar the man.


s: While thus, of power and fancied empire vain,


s: With various thoughts my mind I entertain;


s: While books, my slaves, with tyrant hand I seize,


s: Pleased with the pride that will not let them please,


s: For, lo! while yet my heart admits the wound,


s: A father's fears for offspring of your own;


s: Then paused and doubted, and then, tired of doubt,


s: With rage as sudden dash'd the stanza out;-


s: If, after fearing much and pausing long,


s: Ye ventured on the world your labour'd song,


s: And from the crusty critics of those days


s: Implored the feeble tribute of their praise;


s: Remember now the fears that moved you then,


s: And, spite of truth, let mercy guide your pen.


s: What vent'rous race are ours! what mighty foes


s: What treacherous friends betray them to the fight!


s: What dangers threaten them--yet still they write:


s: Whom villains hate, and fools affect to scorn:


s: Strangers they come, amid a world of woe,


s: And taste the largest portion ere they go.


s: Pensive I spoke, and cast mine eyes around;


s: The roof, methought, return'd a solemn sound;


s: Each column seem'd to shake, and clouds, like smoke,


s: From dusty piles and ancient volumes broke;


s: Gathering above, like mists condensed they seem,


s: Exhaled in summer from the rushy stream;


s: Like flowing robes they now appear, and twine


s: Round the large members of a form divine;


s: His silver beard, that swept his aged breast,


s: His piercing eye, that inward light express'd,