s: Through that rich West, the Victory returned;


s: And all the waves around her whispered "peace,"


s: And from her mast no battle-message burned.


s: Like clouds, like fragments of those fading skies,


s: The pageant passed, with all its misty spars,


s: While the hushed nations raised their dreaming eyes


s: To that great light which brings the end of wars.


s: Ship after ship, in some strange glory drowned,


s: Cloud after cloud, was lost in that deep light


s: Each with a sovran stillness haloed round.


s: Then--that high fleet of stars led on the night.


s: Under an arch of glorious leaves I passed


s: Floating in daylight o'er the pale green sea.


s: Gathers the clouds to prayer and silently


s: That whisper round the death-bed of the day.


s: The labourers were returning from the farms


s: And children danced to meet them. From the doors


s: Where busy hands laid out the evening meal.


s: From smouldering elms around the village spire


s: There soared and sank the caw of gathering rooks.


s: The faint-flushed clouds were listening to the tale


s: The sea tells to the sunset with one sigh.


s: The last white wistful sea-bird sought for peace,


s: And the last fishing-boat stole o'er the bar,


s: And fragrant grasses, murmuring a prayer,


s: Bowed all together thro' the golden hush,


s: The breathing hush, the solemn scented hush,


s: And, in among the ferns that crowned the hill


s: With waving green and whispers of the wind,


s: A boy and girl, carelessly linking hands,


s: On that rich afternoon of scent and song


s: Old Michael Oaktree died. It was not much


s: He wished for; but indeed I think he longed


s: Blossoming o'er the far blue hills. I know


s: He used to like his rough-hewn wooden bench


s: Placed in the sun outside the cottage door


s: Where in the listening stillness he could hear,


s: Across the waving gilly-flowers that crowned


s: His crumbling garden wall, the long low sigh


s: Of supreme peace that whispers to the hills


s: He did not hope for much: he longed to live


s: But on the last sweet eve of May he died.


s: I wandered sadly through the dreaming lanes


s: High on his back to see the harvest home,


s: He showed me how to snare the bulky trout


s: That lurked under the bank of yonder brook.


s: Indeed, he taught me many a country craft,


s: For I was apt to learn, and, as I learnt,


s: I loved the teacher of that homely lore.


s: Deep in my boyish heart he shared the glad


s: Influence of the suns and winds and waves,


s: Giving my childhood what it hungered for--


s: The rude earth-wisdom of the primal man.


s: He had retained his childhood: Death for him


s: Had no more terror than his bed. He walked


s: With wind and sunlight like a brother, glad


s: We, toilers after truth, are weaned too soon


s: From earth's dark arms and naked barbarous breast.


s: Too soon, too soon, we leave the golden feast,


s: Fetter the dancing limbs and pluck the crown


s: Of roses from the dreaming brow. We pass


s: For we have lost the meaning of the world;


s: We have gone out into the night too soon;


s: And over-rated our small power to learn.


s: We have so little time to live in worlds


s: Our hearts were, but our chance desires how strong!


s: Then, in the dark, our sense of light decays;


s: Lost in the gloom, our faith, perhaps our love,


s: Lies dead with years that never can return.


s: But Michael Oaktree was a man whose love


s: Had never waned through all his eighty years.


s: His faith was hardly faith. He seemed a part


s: Of all that he believed in. He had lived


s: The wind, the silence and the heart of peace;


s: That rules all action and all tides of thought,


s: And all the secret courses of the stars;


s: The Power that still establishes on earth


s: Desire and worship, through the radiant laws


s: Of Duty, Love and Beauty; for through these


s: As through three portals of the self-same gate


s: The void of eastern dream, but the desire


s: And goal of all of us, whether thro' lives


s: The death divine, or from this breaking body


s: Of earthly death we flash at once to God.


s: Through simple love and simple faith, this man


s: Attained a height above the hope of kings.


s: And walked across the garden, all the scents


s: Of mingling blossom ached like inmost pain


s: Deep in my heart, I know not why. They seemed


s: Distinct, distinct as distant evening bells


s: That breaks and breaks and breaks upon the heart


s: Strange as a streak of sunset to the moon,


s: Strange as a smile upon a dead man's lips;


s: But strong as love, uttered in plangent tones


s: Lilac and lilies to the rose-wreathed porch.


s: At last I tapped and entered and was drawn


s: Who lay, propped up with pillows, quietly


s: Gazing; for through his open casement far


s: Beyond the whispers of the gilly-flowers


s: Hallow the west once more; and, as he gazed,


s: Except the slumbrous pulsing of a clock,


s: His wife sat at his bed-side: she had passed


s: Her eightieth year; her only child was dead.


s: She had been wedded more than sixty years,


s: And she sat gazing with the man she loved


s: And wink its painted fans on the warm sill;


s: A bird piped in the roses and there came


s: Into the childless mother's ears a sound


s: Then Michael Oaktree took his wife's thin hand


s: Between his big rough hands. His eyes grew dark,


s: And, as he turned to her and died, he spoke


s: Two words of perfect faith and love--_Come soon_!


s: O then in all the world there was no sound


s: But, as I softly passed out of the porch


s: And walked across the garden, all the scents


s: Of mingling blossoms ached like inmost joy,


s: Distinct no more, but like one heavenly choir


s: Pealing one mystic music, still and strange


s: Stronger than death, and pure with wedded tones


s: To stars and flowers we are, how many means


s: Of grace there are for those that never lose


s: Their sense of membership in this divine


s: Body of God; for those that all their days


s: Have walked in quiet communion with the Life


s: That keeps the common secret of the sun,


s: The wind, the silence and the heart of man.


s: There is one God, one Love, one everlasting


s: We have obscured God's face with partial truths,


s: The cause of all our sorrow and sin, our wars


s: Of force and thought, in this unheavened world.


s: Yet, by the battle of our partial truths,


s: The past against the present and the swift


s: Falls to the stronger, till once more we near


s: The enfolding splendour of the whole. Our God


s: Has been too long a partial God. We are all


s: Made in His image, men and birds and beasts,


s: Mountains and clouds and cataracts and suns,


s: With those great Beings above our little world,


s: Those long-forgotten Princedoms, Virtues, Powers,


s: As far beyond our thought as Europe lies


s: What lies beyond us to complete our souls;


s: Therefore our souls are filled with a desire


s: And love which lead us towards the Infinity


s: Peacefully through the dreaming lanes I went.


s: The sun sank, and the birds were hushed. The stars


s: Trembled like blossoms in the purple trees.


s: But, as I paused upon the whispering hill


s: The mellow light still lingered in the west,


s: And dark and soft against that rosy depth


s: A boy and girl stood knee-deep in the ferns.


s: Dreams of the dead man's youth were in my heart,


s: Brightened, they kissed; and, linking hand in hand,


s: Down to their lamp-lit home drifted away.


s: And through the breathless hedge of hawthorn heard


s: Out of the deepening night, the long low sigh


s: Of supreme peace that whispers to the hills


s: Last night I rode with Touchstone on a bus


s: From Ludgate Hill to World's End. It was he!


s: Despite the broadcloth and the bowler hat,


s: I knew him, Touchstone, the wild flower of folly,


s: The whetstone of his age, the scourge of kings,


s: Who used to wrap his legs around his neck


s: For warmth on winter nights. He had slipped back,


s: That should be wiser. He had watched a play,


s: Read several books, heard men discourse of art


s: And life; and he sat bubbling like a spring


s: In Arden. Never did blackbird, drenched with may,


s: Chuckle as Touchstone chuckled on that ride.


s: _Lord, what a world! Lord, what a mad, mad world!_


s: Then, to the jolt and jingle of the engine,


s: He burst into this bunch of madcap rhymes:--


s: While the guinea-hen cluttered off chuckling


s: "I should like to grow bigger and bigger,


s: "Do you know," said the turkey, "you're quacking!


s: There's a fox creeping up thro' the rye;


s: You'll make for that duck-pond. Good-bye!"


s: "I won't," said the duckling. "I'll lift him


s: And when I have--as it were--biffed him,


s: Though they searched from the barn to the stable,


s: And _perhaps_ he runs round like a rabbit,


s: The man who discovered the use of a chair,


s: He used to sit down on it, tearing his hair,


s: Till he thought of a highly original plan.


s: For years he had sat on his chair, like you,


s: For he wished to be famous (as great men do)


s: Now he went one night to a dinner of state


s: And he sat on his chair, and he ate from a plate;


s: There were ten fat aldermen down for a speech


s: With five fair minutes allotted to each,


s: But, each being ready to talk, I suppose,


s: And, much to their wonder, our friend arose


s: And fastened his eye on the eye of the Mayor.


s: "We have come," he said, "to the fourteenth course!


s: Then, with both of his hands, and with all of his force,


s: He hurled his chair at the Lord Mayor's head.


s: It missed that head by the width of a hair.


s: But it crashed through the big bay-window there


s: And the very next day, in the decorous Times


s: In spite of the kings and the wars and the crimes,


s: There were five full columns about that man.


s: That white is black and that black is white,


s: You should sit, quite still, in your chair and say:


s: Provided, of course, that you don't care how,


s: Like the man who discovered the use of a chair.


s: Well. Walk on your hands. It's the latest!


s: But the trouble is this--they've included


s: Some better things, too, in their haste.


s: Here's a turnex. It's going quite cheaply.


s: (It lived with stuffed birds in the hall!


s: And, of course, to a mind that thinks deeply


s: Here's _item_, a ring (very plain, sirs!),


s: Yes, you'll need it again, though He's dead, sirs.


s: So here are the thorns for His head, sirs.


s: They'll keep till you need 'em. Who'll buy?


s: Who shall open our book in the sunlight,


s: Edited by T. W. ROLLESTON, M.A. (Dublin).


s: Edited by CHARLES L. GRAVES, M.A. (Oxon).


s: Edited by T. M. KETTLE, National University of Ireland.


s: Edited by ALFRED PERCEVAL GRAVES, M.A. (Dublin).


s: Other Volumes in Preparation.          Each Crown 8vo. Cloth,


s: In the present edition of Thomas Davis it is designed to offer a


s: finally, we present a selection from his poems, containing, it is


s: great-grandmother, on the maternal side, was a daughter of The


s: imagination. As a child, Davis was delicate in health, sensitive,


s: At the University he sought no academic distinctions, but read


s: omnivorously. History, philosophy, economics, and ethics were the


s: gentlemen in the Association, and the middle class generally,


s: races, and to educate them together, that prejudice and bigotry


s: might be killed in the bud, was one of the projects nearest his


s: heart. It would strengthen the soul of Ireland with knowledge, he


s: "I have not tacked to any transaction in this narrative the moral


s: conclusions. But for once I ask those to whom this book is


s: dedicated to note the conduct of Catholic young men in a mortal


s: historic man wielding an authority made august by a life's


s: services, a solemn moral authority with which it is ridiculous to


s: described as hirelings of the Castle. But Davis was right; and of


s: He had had an attack of scarlet fever, from which he seemed to be


s: This work, with the inclusion of the full text of the more


s: important of the Acts of the Parliament of James II., and with an


s: as the first volume of the 'New Irish Library.' It is now out of


s: Mr. Mongan's School on Lower Mount Street.


s: O'CONNELL'S revival of the Emancipation struggle--never, from the


s: bloody." But the King, Lords, and Commons of 1689, when looked at


s: Parliament of Ireland, could make laws to bind Ireland.


s: While on the one hand they restored the estates plundered by the


s: English from our trade, and to secure it to the Irish--while they


s: contemporary of high rank; Lesley, also a contemporary, and of


s: If, in addition, the reader will consult such authorities as the


s: Second by himself; _Histoire de la Révolution par Mazure_; and


s: clung to it under such a serfhood as made the rapacity of their


s: outbreak of 1641. That insurrection gave back to the native his


s: barefaced were received throughout England. Deaths, which the


s: unconstitutional. He impeached the corporate charters by _quo


s: England and Ireland, declaring the young Prince of Wales (who was


s: King's "State of the Protestants." Harris's "Life of King


s: William," folio, Dublin, 1749, book 8. Leland's "History of


s: Ireland," vol. 3, book 6, chaps. 5 and 6. Lesley's "Answer to


s: London, 2 vols. 4to, edited by Rev. J. Clarke.


s: Spenser's "View"; Fynes Moryson's "Itinerary"; Captain Lee's


s: "Memoir"; Harris's "Letters"; and Carte's "Ormonde."


s: See the proofs of this collected in Carey's "Vindiciæ


s: Milton's "Eikonoclastes"; Warner's "History of the Rebellion";


s: Sir W. Petty's "Political Anatomy of Ireland"; Lawrence's


s: Hallam's "Constitutional History," v. 3, p. 588, 3rd edition.


s: See the Declaration of Union, dated 21st March, 1688, in the


s: Appendix to Walker's "Account of the Siege of Derry."


s: These acts were done in good faith by the people, instigated


s: by the devices of the nobles. A letter, now admitted to have been


s: design of the Roman Catholics to murder the Protestants.


s: authorities the suppression of robberies and violence which had


s: millions promised him by France, he only got £150,000); the fifth


s: James also issued a proclamation promising liberty of conscience,


s: lieutenant. Eleven out of the eighteen were in England during the


s: overtures to some of the French agents, for casting off all


s: connection with that kingdom in case of James's death, and, with


s: islands, in case that a Protestant should succeed to the crown of


s: From his coming to Ireland, he worked hard for his master and his


s: Oliverians, who till then filled the ranks. He increased the army


s: Jesuits--with what injustice we need hardly say. James describes


s: Viscount Iveagh held Drogheda at the battle of the Boyne, and was


s: Lord Mountcashel, by his rapidity and skill, completely broke the


s: Lieutenant-Colonel to Lord Lucan. His attainder under William was


s: See as to this, Melfort's letter to Pottinger, the sovereign


s: of Belfast; "History of Belfast," pp. 72-3; Lesley _proves_, on


s: Williamite authority, that the Protestants were worse treated by


s: William's army than by James's. See Dr. Gorges in Lesley's


s: He was appointed in 1686 (see Appendix B). T. W. R.


s: In July, 1691, William had offered these terms: 1st. The free


s: public exercise of the Roman Catholic Religion. 2nd. Half the


s: churches in the kingdom. 3rd. Half the employments, civil and


s: military, if they pleased. 4th. Half their properties, as held


s: prior to Cromwell's conquest. The terms were at once refused. The


s: Anthony Hamilton, in his "Memoirs of Grammont," exaggerates


s: Clarendon's "State Letters," vol. i. and the Diary.


s: Hallam's "Constitutional History," v. iii., p. 530.


s: State Tracts, Will. III.'s reign, H. R.'s App. to Cox.


s: "Memoirs of James II.," by the Rev. ---- Clarke, Chaplain to


s: George IV. These memoirs seem to have been copies of memoirs


s: written under James II.'s inspection, and deposited in the Scotch


s: thoroughly pure and wise man; or, what is more dangerous, lest we


s: When, in addition to these external probabilites and intrinsic


s: But in order to see the force of this last objection to King's


s: credibility, something must be known of Lesley.


s: unworthy man, but by one of his own country, neighbourhood, and


s: creed--by one of acknowledged virtue, high position, and vast


s: King's gravest charges are in the following passage:--


s: "These members of the House of Commons are elected either by


s: small number of men named by the king, and removable at his


s: pleasure. The Protestant freeholders, if they had been in the


s: the intended trial of Mr. Price and other Protestants at Wicklow,


s: shire. The common way of election was thus:--The Earl of


s: Tyrconnell, together with the writ for election, commonly sent a


s: the greatest cities but twenty-four; and commonly, not half of


s: First let us see about the boroughs. King, in his section on the


s: Protestants may, as it has been alleged, have been "Quakers."


s: sixty-five; Waterford, forty-nine; Youghal, forty-six; Wexford,


s: Harris, a hostile authority, gives the names and generally the


s: If many Protestant freeholders had fled to England, who was to


s: The towns unrestored _could_ not have sent members to James's


s: Against the Commons actually elected the charge is that only six


s: Peacefully now look the long oak-clad cliffs on the happy river.


s: Hugh Mac Mahon, Gordon O'Nials Lieutenant-Colonel, was member for


s: Hallam ("Constitutional History," chaps. 13 and 14) contains


s: We trust our readers will deal like searchers for truth, not like


s: Charity, and Patriotism are the only powers which can loose this


s: Prometheus-land. Let us seek them daily in our own hearts and


s: The Acts and other official documents of James's Parliament were


s: Standing between two dynasties--endangering the one, and almost


s: This was the speech with which his Majesty opened the Session:--


s: Defence; made me resolve to come to you, and to venture my life


s: Writ, _Do as you would be done to, for that is the Law and the


s: _It was this Liberty of Conscience I gave, which my Enemies both


s: Abroad and at Home dreaded; especially when they saw that I was


s: resolved to have it Established by Law in all my Dominions, and


s: made them set themselves up against me_, though for different


s: Reasons. Seeing that if I had once settled it, _My people_ (_in


s: _This Argument was made use of_, to persuade their own People


s: to joyn with them, and to many of my Subjects to use me as they


s: I expect your Concurrence in so Christian a Work, and in making


s: Laws against Prophaneness and all Sorts of Debauchery.


s: I shall also most readily consent to the making such Good and


s: Wholesome Laws as may be for the general Good of the Nation, the


s: Improvement of Trade, and the relieving of such as have been


s: injured by the late _Acts of Settlement_, as far forth as may


s: be consistent with Reason, Justice, and the Publick Good of my


s: And as I shall do my Part to make you Happy and Rich, I make no


s: Doubt of your Assistance; by enabling me to oppose the unjust


s: Designs of my Enemies, and to make this Nation flourish.


s: retreat to the Queen, my Son, and Myself, when we were forced out


s: Dominions; how he embraced my Interest, and gave me such Supplies


s: I shall conclude as I have begun, and assure you I am as sensible


s: These were the Acts of that memorable parliament.


s: An Act for punishing of persons who bring in counterfeit Coin of


s: landlords in England or Ireland acted with equal liberality?


s: An Act concerning Tythes and other Ecclesiastical Duties.


s: An Act regulating Tythes, and other Ecclesiastical Duties in the


s: An Act for the speedy Recovering of Servants' Wages.


s: An Act to enable his Majesty to regulate the Duties of Foreign


s: An Act for the better settling Intestates' Estates.


s: An Act for securing the Water-Course for the Castle and City of


s: Explanation, etc., as it passed the House of Commons._


s: Combination, with the Puritan Sectaries in the Realm of _Great


s: disappointing the Effects of many seasonable Votes, Bills, and


s: Which Act was passed in a Session of the Parliament held in this


s: This Preamble is James II.'s own writing, as appears by "The


s: "But the fact (as stated by King) is impossible: conceive the


s: absurdity; an act of parliament is _smuggled_, where? through two


s: catholics crowded with protestants; though Leland, upon the


s: unknown, unheard of, by all the protestant part of the kingdom,


s: till _peace_ was restored: and that, according to King, was to be


s: fifty-six peers, including primate Boyle, Barry lord Barrymore,


s: Angier lord Longford, Forbes, the incomparable lord Granard (of


s: bishop of Limerick, Bermingham lord Athenry, St. Lawrence lord


s: Howth, Mallon lord Glenmallon, Hamilton lord Strabane, all


s: was to be kept an entire secret from all the protestants without


s: doors, by all the protestants within the gates of parliament; and


s: moderation in solemnly prescribing the narrow bounds of


s: "A secret conspiracy BY WAY OF STATUTE against the lives of near


s: three thousand people, appears in itself impracticable and


s: protestants of Ulster, by colonel Hamilton of Tullymore, who was


s: sent to Dublin for the sole purpose, unanimously offered the


s: command of their armed association, from their confidence in his


s: protestant principles; but he told Mr. Hamilton THAT HE HAD LIVED


s: appointed secretary to the commissioners for the inspection of


s: forfeitures, by patent dated 1st of June, 5 William III. (1693)


s: _settle_ the minds" of the people of England, of any of the books


s: Ireland. King he was _de jure_ and _de facto_, and they sought to


s: As to their creed, there is no allusion to it. Roman Catholic and


s: denounced against both; but neither creed is named in it.


s: The third attaint is of persons absent before (some time probably


s: October, 1689, and that after his arrival they should neglect to


s: signify their loyalty to the satisfaction of his Majesty.


s: Yet even in this many are attainted twice over.


s: By the fourth section, all the goods and properties of _all_ the


s: By the 9th and 11th sections, the rights and incumbrances of


s: The clause for the destruction of the Records of the


s: parliament of 1689, is in an act annulling the attainders and all


s: "Be it enacted by the King's most excellent Majesty, by and with


s: the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal and


s: the rolls whereon the said acts or pretended acts, and every of


s: lately so assembled at Dublin, pretending to be or calling


s: themselves by the name of a Parliament, and also all writs issued


s: thereof, shall, by the officers or persons in whose custody the


s: same are, be brought before the lord deputy, or other chief


s: said acts and rolls or proceedings, or any of them, do or shall


s: remain, shall wilfully neglect or refuse to produce the same, to


s: Majesty, and the other half to such person or persons that shall


s: sue for the same by any action of debt, bill, plaint, or


s: information, in any court of record whatsoever."--7 _Will. III.


s: "_It is possible_ an outline of some such bill might have been


s: prepared by one of those hot-headed people of whom James had too


s: many in his councils either for his safety or for his reputation,


s: revival of the court of claims'; a law so unparalleled from its


s: moderation in its review of forfeitures, by going back to


s: "Such a _draft of a bill_, like our own protestant bill for the


s: castration of Romish priests, _which did pass_ here but was


s: cushioned in England, or like the _threat of a bill for


s: been found among the baggage of the Duke of Tyrconnel, of Sir


s: This is not quite correct. The penalty in the Bill, as it


s: passed the Irish House of Commons, was branding on the cheek.


s: In sending the Bill on to England the Irish Privy Council


s: substituted castration. The English Government restored the


s: original penalty. The Bill ultimately fell through, but not, it


s: would seem, on this point. See Lecky, "History of England,"


s: continued, and the sails of an invading fleet already flap in the


s: How difficult was their position! How could they act as freemen,


s: Cromwell a moiety of their usurpations) did not pass.


s: victory sanctioned it, and then it would be needless and cruel to


s: In order, then, to judge them better, let us see what the other


s: attainted were habitual residents in England. The bill passed the


s: persons as were this day _named in the house_, as they shall find


s: Again, on the 24th--"_Ordered_, that it be an instruction to the


s: Wearied at length by unsuccessful bills, which the better or more


s: advertized for money on the forfeited lands in Ireland.


s: "Although James were averse from passing the acts I have already


s: mentioned, he probably encouraged another which passed _for the


s: Ireland a free and immediate trade with all our plantations and


s: colonies; to promote ship-building, by remitting to the owners of


s: taxes, and allowing them the freedom of any city or seaport they


s: should chuse to reside in, and improve the Irish navy by


s: establishing free schools for teaching and instructing in the


s: mathematics and the art of navigation, in Dublin, Belfast,


s: Waterford, Cork, Limerick, and Galway. If James looked up to any


s: qualified to judge of the utility of such institutions than this


s: prince. He was an able seaman, fond of his profession; and to his


s: signals and regulations. The firmness, resolution and enterprise


s: introduced many laws of great practical value in the business of


s: neglected both, and our coast had no guardian, and our desecrated


s: We have printed the king's speech at the opening of this eventful


s: The dates about the time of this revolution are most


s: important. On the 10th October, 1688, William issued an address,


s: dated at the Hague, and another from the same place, dated 24th


s: October, intended to counterwork James's retractations. He landed


s: themselves to stand by the prince, and avenge him if he should


s: perish. December 23rd, William issued the letter calling the


s: adjourned to 20th September, and then 19th October, 1689. This


s: second session lasted till 27th January, 1689-90, when it was


s: stopped by a prorogation to the 2nd April; but before that day it


s: March, 1689, and as a first law, passed an act ratifying the


s: enjoyments; it is only because they are not used to taste of what


s: Thus it is by experience--or trying to do, and often doing a


s: Where formal teaching is usual, as in what are called learned


s: Marriage, and the bringing up of children, the employment of


s: dependants, travel, and daily sights and society, are our chief


s: We pray our humbler friends to think long and often on this.


s: And in the trades and professions of life, to study in books the


s: Besides, the _first_ business of life is the improvement of one's


s: altogether. The books, also, are defective.


s: Brag as we like, the reproach was not undeserved, nor is it quite


s: Thus will Ireland do naturally and honourably.


s: Our spirit has increased--our liberty is not far off.


s: Academies of art, institutes of science, colleges of literature,


s: And finally, we must keep our own souls, and try, by teaching and


s: acquirements and an elegant writer. More full references and the


s: correction of a few errors of detail would render his book more


s: _It should, in the first place, be written from the original


s: _Nation_. These authorities are not enough for a historian. The


s: Harris's "Hibernica" is a short tract on the same subject; and in


s: However, persons resident in, or able to visit Dublin, Cork, or


s: usurpers, and mobs. History describes, and is meant to describe,


s: Yet the man who would keep chronicling the dry events would miss


s: writing a history. He must fathom the social condition of the


s: Such things may be done partly in disquisitions, as in Michelet's


s: The following is the list of books given as the present


s: Annals of Tigernach, abbot of Clonmacnoise, from A.D. 200 to his


s: death, 1188, partly compiled from writers of the eighth, seventh,


s: Lives of St. Patrick, St. Columbanus, etc.


s: Annals of the Four Masters, from the earliest times to 1616.


s: Other Annals, such as those of Innisfallen, Ulster, Boyle, etc.


s: Henry VIII. and Elizabeth.--Harris's Ware. O'Sullivan's Catholic


s: History. Four Masters. Spencer's View. Sir G. Carew's Pacata


s: Hibernia. State Papers, Temp. H. VIII. Fynes Moryson's Itinerary.


s: James I.--Harris's Hibernica. Sir John Davies' Tracts.


s: Charles I.--Strafford's Letters. Carte's Life of Ormond. Lodge's


s: Desiderata. Clarendon's Rebellion. Tichborne's Drogheda. State


s: Trials. Rinuccini's Letters. Pamphlets. Castlehaven's Memoirs.


s: Clanrickarde's Memoirs. Peter Walsh. Sir J. Temple.


s: Charles II.--Lord Orrery's Letters. Essex's Letters.


s: James II. and William III.--King's State of Protestants, and


s: George I. and II.--Swift's Life. Lucas's Tracts. Howard's Cases


s: under Popery Laws. O'Leary's Tracts. Boulter's Letters.


s: Madden's United Irishmen. Hay, Teeling, etc., on '98. Tracts.


s: MacNevin's State Trials. O'Connell's and Sheil's Speeches.


s: Compilations.--Moore. M'Geoghegan. Curry's Civil Wars. Carey's


s: Antiquities, Dress, Arms.--Royal Irish Academy's Transactions and


s: changed, and our foreign trade small. Yet was Ireland civilised.


s: centuries than Ireland, and we find their names and achievements


s: punishable by fines or damages, think the people of this empire


s: Orderliness and hospitality were peculiarly cultivated. Public


s: Yet _mechanical civilisation_, more cruel than time, is trying to


s: Like many of the suggestions of Thomas Davis this has borne


s: fruit. In our own day the Irish Folk Song Society (20 Hanover


s: We were a little struck the other day in taking up a new book by


s: Mellifont, founded in 1142 by O'Carroll, King of


s: Again we note that, though late in the day, Davis's appeal has


s: been answered, and most of the important ancient monuments of the


s: This island has been for centuries either in part or altogether a


s: antiquities, did not extend its design over those of the sister


s: island, which are daily becoming fewer and fewer in number. That


s: the gold ornaments which are so frequently found in various parts


s: the proprietor of the estate at New Grange to destroy that most


s: two of the little ancient stone Irish churches, and three most


s: were to be seen upon the gravestones, scarcely a dozen (and they


s: the least interesting) are now to be found--the large flat stones


s: upon the careful series of drawings made by him that future


s: antiquarians must rely for very much of ancient architectural


s: detail now destroyed. As to Glendalough, it is so much a holiday


s: place for the Dubliners that it is no wonder everything portable


s: removed and used as keystones for the arches of Derrybawn bridge.


s: Kitchen,' is given up to the sheep, and the font lies in one


s: corner, and is used for the vilest purposes. The abbey church is


s: choked up with trees and brambles, and being a little out of the


s: Irish antiquities especially interesting to the English


s: antiquarian; and it is with the hope of drawing attention to the


s: destruction of those ancient Irish monuments that I have written


s: these few lines. The Irish themselves are, unfortunately, so


s: engrossed with political and religious controversies, that it can


s: entertained by the people on the subject, although _practically_,


s: Irish Academy--receives annually the munificent sum of £300 from


s: purchase of the late Dean of St. Patrick's Irish Archæological


s: allow copies to be made, so as to obtain a return of a portion of


s: the collection is, it forms a striking contrast with our own


s: _National_ Museum, which, rich in foreign antiquities, is almost


s: without a single object of native archæological interest, if we


s: except the series of English and Anglo-Saxon coins and MSS."


s: The Catholic clergy were long and naturally the guardians of our


s: antiquities, and many of their archæological works testify their


s: adulatory songs of clan-bards to grave stories. Now, it is quite


s: Ireland, we turn with pure pleasure to their successors, the


s: antiquarians and historians of our own time.


s: The reader who wishes to know what modern archæology has to


s: say of this great tumulus may be referred to Mr. George Coffey's


s: analogies--finding a refuge in their primeval greatness from the


s: Yet, we repeat, we jealously watched for flaws in Mr. Petrie's


s: Looking now more calmly at the discussion, we are grateful to Mr.


s: John Lynch, in his _Cambrensis Eversus_, says that the Danes are


s: The Danes, so far from introducing stone architecture, found it


s: _The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy_, vol. xx.


s: A turbulent and learned Franciscan friar who figured in the


s: Here is a specimen of his etymologies. The Hebrew word _gadul_


s: signifies _great_, and thence a tower; the Irish name for a round


s: "This is another characteristic example of Vallancey's mode of


s: quoting authorities: he first makes O'Brien say that _Cuilceach_


s: "'CLOIG-THEACH, a steeple, a belfry; _corrupte_ Cuilg-theach.'


s: both, but explained a fort, a turret, and the real meaning of the


s: "He next tells us that _Caiceach_, the last name he finds for the


s: _cai_, a house, and _teach_, a house, an explanation which, he


s: tautology he speaks of was either a creation or a blunder of his


s: own. It is evident to me that the Glossarist to whom he refers is


s: "'_Cai i. teach unde dicitur ceard cha i. teach cearda; creas cha


s: "'_Cai, i.e._, a house; _unde dicitur ceard-cha, i.e._, the house


s: between them against the diseases of each year."


s: incantations, and they were used to drive the cattle between them


s: "It may be remarked that remnants of this ancient custom, in


s: perhaps a modified form, still exist in the May-fires lighted in


s: fires being lighted in towers or houses of any description:--


s: "'The inhabitants here (Isle of Skye) did also make use of a fire


s: necessary number for effecting this Design, took two great Planks


s: repeated Efforts rubb'd one of the Planks against the other until


s: experience.'--_Description of the Western Islands of Scotland_


s: Dr. Charles O'Connor, of Stowe, is the chief supporter of the


s: diameter" in Persia, Turkish minarets of the tenth or fourteenth


s: anxiously for exact measurements and datas of oriental buildings


s: Mr. Windele, of Cork, besides using all the previously-mentioned


s: arguments for the Paganism of these towers, finds another in the


s: The most recent theory is that the Round Towers are


s: "A great king of great judgments assumed the sovereignty of Erin,


s: Erin was prosperous in his time, because just judgments were


s: distributed throughout it by him; so that no one durst attempt to


s: Gaibhuaiphnech, the son of Eochaidh Finn Futhairt: but afterwards


s: this day), and at Cenannas (Kells), and at the house of Cletech;


s: for it was not lawful that a king with a _personal_ blemish


s: Brugh; but to bury him at Ros-na-righ, with his face to the east.


s: grave at Ros-na-righ, as he himself had ordered.


s: "Oenach Cruachan, in the first place, it was there the race of


s: Heremon (_i.e._, the kings of Tara) were used to bury until the


s: time of Cremhthann, the son of Lughaidh Riabh-n-derg (who was the


s: Coelbregh, and Labhraidh Loingsech, and Eocho Fedhlech with his


s: three sons (_i.e._, the three Fidhemhna--_i.e._, Bres, Nar, and


s: Drebrin, Mugain, and Ele), and Adill Mac Mada with his seven


s: brothers (_i.e._, Cet, Anlon, Doche, _et ceteri_), and all the


s: Loingsech, and the province of Connaught was the peculiar


s: inheritance of the race of Cobhtach Coelbregh; wherefore it


s: (_i.e._, the province of Connaught) was given to Medhbh before


s: Eochaidh fit to receive it but herself, for Lughaidh was not fit


s: for action at the time.) And whenever, therefore, the monarchy of


s: Crimthann (Niadh-nar) to the time of Loeghaire, the son of Niall,


s: "We have already mentioned the cause for which Cormac was not


s: interred there. The reason why Art was not interred there is


s: because he 'believed,' the day before the battle of Muccramma was


s: thence, they could not, so that he was interred in that place


s: because there was a Catholic church to be afterwards at the place


s: lamentation which the men of Erin made in lamenting Niall.


s: interred there, and not Conaire Mor, and that Conaire Mor was the


s: "At Tailltin the kings of Ulster were used to bury--viz., Ollamh


s: face to the east, on account of the Faith which he had embraced.


s: "The nobles of the Tuatha De Danann were used to bury at Brugh


s: (_i.e._, the Dagda with his three sons; also Lughaidh and Oe, and


s: "The Lagenians (_i.e._, Cathair with his race and the kings who


s: were before them) were buried at Oenach Ailbhe. The Clann Dedad


s: We speak of their ordinary contests with England from the time of


s: discontent of the Pale, religious tyranny, and the intrigues and


s: Tyrone. The battle of Benburb affords as great a proof of Irish


s: Since the day when Sarsfield sailed the Irish have never had an


s: The materials for the history of the Irish Brigade are fast


s: "His Excellency, the Duke of Feltré, Minister of War, was so kind


s: Here are great materials for our future History of Ireland.


s: See Mitchel's _Life of Hugh O'Neill_, and Meehan's _Flight of


s: No other orator is so uniformly animated. No other orator has


s: brightened the depths of political philosophy with such vivid and


s: To the student of oratory Grattan's speeches are dangerously


s: "Sir, we may hope to dazzle with illumination, and we may sicken


s: with addresses, but the public imagination will never rest, nor


s: long as this shall be the case, that very free trade, otherwise a


s: fundamentally destroy. We may talk plausibly to England, but so


s: judge of us by other great nations, by the nation whose political


s: already established, an impossibility glares us in the face, of a


s: We were wrong in saying there was no humour in Grattan. Here is a


s: episcopacy. The modus does not even alter the mode of their


s: abstinence which they inculcate. Is this innovation?--as if the


s: Protestant religion was to be propagated in Ireland, like the


s: influence of a minister, by bribery; or like the influence of a


s: county candidate, by money; or like the cause of a potwalloping


s: canvasser, by the weight of the purse; as if Christ could not


s: six for evening prayer; he baptises, he marries, he churches, he


s: laity, let his own order value his deserts.) £50 a year! £50! for


s: duties of a clergyman, as far as he is connected at all with the


s: "By this trade of parliament the King is absolute; his will is


s: signified by both houses of parliament, who are now as much an


s: instrument in his hand as a bayonet in the hands of a regiment.


s: Like a regiment we have our adjutant, who sends to the infirmary


s: ring his bell, and order his servants out of livery to take their


s: "It is not life but the condition of living--the slave is not so


s: present, your constitution, as for that King, Lords, and Commons


s: who have restored both? Well, the minister has destroyed this


s: constitution; to destroy is easy. The edifices of the mind, like


s: the fabrics of marble, require an age to build, but ask only


s: tenendi parliamentum_, which lasted and outlasted of Plantagenet


s: the wars, of Tudor the violence, and of Stuart the systematic


s: falsehood--the condition of our connection--yes, the constitution


s: walk round it and round it, and the more he contemplates the more


s: restoration had cost Ireland her noblest efforts, and was the


s: "I have done with the pile which the minister batters, I come to


s: the Babel which he builds; and as he throws down without a


s: principle, so does he construct without a foundation. This fabric


s: people, for it excludes the Catholics; secondly, it is a


s: consolidation of the Irish legislatures--that is to say, a merger


s: submitted to a course of discussion (he does not say with what


s: the Catholic to deceive himself, he exhibits no other ground than


s: destroys the relative proportion of the Catholic inhabitants, and


s: Hence, according to him, their brilliant expectation: 'You were,'


s: English oppression, impatience, glory, and, above all, a military


s: Revolution of '82. Be he for ever honoured!


s: constitution was to be supported. The transaction between the


s: This is unanswerable, but Grattan should have gone further. The


s: "Reader! if you be an Irish Protestant, and entertain harsh


s: prejudices against your Catholic countrymen, study the works and


s: "Reader! if you be an Irish Catholic, and that you confound the


s: Protestant religion with tyranny, learn from Grattan that it is


s: possible to be a Protestant and have a heart for Ireland and its


s: professions or hereditary descent. From him you will learn


s: principles which, if carried out, would generate a new state of


s: "The Select Speeches of the Right Hon. Henry Grattan. To which


s: is added his Letter on the Union, with a Commentary on his Career


s: 'Twixt Croghan-Kinshela and Hook Head, 'twixt Carnsore and Mount


s: mutiny. They rose in mass and swept the country by sheer force.


s: Nor in their sinking fortunes is there anything to blush at.


s: Scullabogue was not burned by the fighting men.


s: Yet nowhere did the copper sun of that July burn upon a more


s: organisation, work at your education, and increase your political


s: Bench, the Inner Bar, and Parliament. It was won by self-denial,


s: Yet what was Emancipation compared to Repeal?


s: acceptance of a Judgeship no promotion; and it left the local


s: exceeding our whole representation, united, flushed, led by the


s: organisation of the Association; and that in turn carries on


s: The Conservative party, without union and without principle, is


s: breaking up. Its English section is dividing into the tools of


s: The toleration of these meetings was the result of fear; the


s: This is a history of two years never surpassed in importance and


s: The future shall realise the promise of the past.


s: Dr. Kane has at length answered it, and proved the affirmative.


s: products and powers of Ireland, and his mastery of chemical and


s: mechanical science enabled him to see how these could be used.


s: thoughts on the need of industrial education in Ireland.


s: Now, let us ask the reader what he knows upon any or all of these


s: For the present we shall confine ourselves to the subjects of the


s: The first difference between manufactures now and in _any_ former


s: We sincerely lament, with Lord Wharncliffe, the loss of domestic


s: proprietors, there is much, perhaps every, hope of retaining our


s: homestead habits; and such a population need fear no enemy.


s: guarantees set the steam engine to work at our flax, wool, and


s: The stone coal, or anthracite, which, having little gas, does not


s: efficient. It is used now in the Shannon steamers, and its use is


s: five-fold, and has made the wealth of Greenock--namely, to make


s: "The turbine was invented by M. Fourneyron. Coals being abundant,


s: float-boards, on which the water presses from a cylinder which is


s: some conditions which render it peculiarly valuable. In a


s: water-wheel you cannot have great economy of power without very


s: slow motion, and hence where high velocity is required at the


s: working point, a train of mechanism is necessary, which causes a


s: becomes of twenty horse-power; if the supply be reduced to


s: one-half, it still works five horse-power; whilst such sudden and


s: Our own predilection being in favour of water-power--as cheaper,


s: exertion which indolent ignorance constantly retreats behind. The


s: employed to give motion to mills in England, 21,000, even in the


s: coal districts, are not moved by fire, but by water. The force of


s: therefore next proceed to discuss the condition of Ireland with


s: Dr. Kane proves that we have at Arigna an _inexhaustible_ supply


s: credulity, and caprice were the weaknesses engendered in us by


s: misfortune and misgovernment; and they were then the allies of


s: Doomsday Book. That book took six years to execute, and is most


s: The following is their summary account of some modern surveys:--


s: "In France the great territorial survey or _cadastre_ has been in


s: operations now in progress were fully commenced in 1808. The


s: principle adopted is the formation of a central commission acting


s: council, and by the chief officer of revenue. 'In the course of


s: thirteen years, one-third only of each department had been


s: reasons, your committee consider both unnecessary and inexpedient


s: verification bases; it is carried on to a second triangulation,


s: with very accurate instruments, so as to determine 'all the


s: principal points; the filling up the interior is completed by a


s: peculiar species of plane table; and in order to do away with the


s: down on a scale of twelve inches to the mile, or


s: one-five-thousandth part of the real size; and as it contains all


s: "The Neapolitan survey under Visconti, and that of the United


s: States under Heslar, are both stated to be in progress; but your


s: ascertained. How accurately this was done has been proved by an


s: Having completed these large triangles, a detailed survey of the


s: It was proposed to print for each county one or more volumes,


s: containing the history of the district and its antiquities, the


s: plants, rocks, and animals are not within civil or even obvious


s: We now come to the last branch of the subject--


s: "§ 1. A fixed and uniform principle of valuation applicable


s: throughout the whole work, and enabling the valuation not only of


s: measure. § 2. A central authority, under the appointment of


s: government, for direction and superintendence, and for the


s: generalisation of the returns made in detail. § 3. Local


s: assistance, regularly organised, furnishing information on the


s: spot, and forming a check for the protection of private rights."


s: divisions, and the proportionate assessments. It then went on to


s: division or denomination of land," howsoever called. The Act also


s: This, as we see, relates to _civil boundaries_, not _valuations_.


s: Wheat, at the general average price of 10s. per cwt., of 112 lbs.


s: Oats, at the general average price of 6s. per cwt., of 112 lbs.


s: Barley, at the general average price of 7s. per cwt., of 112 lbs.


s: Potatoes, at the general average price of 1s. 7d. per cwt., of


s: Beef, at the general average price of 33s. per cwt., of 112 lbs.


s: Mutton, at the general average price of 34s. 6d. per cwt., of


s: Pork, at the general average price of 25s. 6d. per cwt., of


s: elevation, nearness to markets, and then estimating crops at the


s: Mr. Griffith's instructions are clear and full, and we strongly


s: recommend the study of them, and an adherence to their forms and


s: The ordinary valuator was to have two copies of the Townland (or


s: The following classification of soils was recommended:--


s: All soils may be arranged under four heads, each representing the


s: Silicious, or sandy; 3. Calcareous, or limy; 4. Peaty.


s: For practical purposes it will be desirable to sub-divide each of


s: Thus argillaceous soils may be divided into three varieties,


s: viz.--clay, clay loam, and argillaceous alluvial.


s: Of calcareous soils we have three varieties, viz.--limestone,


s: Of peat soils two varieties, viz.--moor, and peat or bog.


s: In describing in the field book the different qualities of soils,


s: _Friable_--Where the soil is loose and open, as is generally the


s: case in sandy, gravelly, and moory lands.


s: _Deep_--Where the soil exceeds ten inches in depth the term deep


s: _Shallow_--Where the depth of the soil is less than eight inches.


s: _Wet_--Where the soil or subsoil is very tenacious, or where


s: _Sharp_--Where there is a moderate proportion of gravel, or small


s: _Fine or Soft_--Where the soil contains no gravel, but is chiefly


s: _Sandy or Gravelly_--Where there is a large proportion of sand or


s: _Slaty_--Where the slaty substratum is much intermixed with the


s: _Worn_--Where the soil has been a long time under cultivation,


s: _Poor_--Where the land is naturally of bad quality.


s: The _colours of soils_ may also be introduced, as brown, yellow,


s: Also, where applicable, the words steep, level, shrubby, rocky,


s: Protestant and Catholic, native and colonist, had the same


s: He was as good as his word, and even whipped and humbugged the


s: "But it did not satisfy the English parliament, where a perpetual


s: exportation from Ireland of all goods made or mixed with wool,


s: except to England and Wales, and with the licence of the


s: commissioners of the revenue; duties had been before laid on the


s: In favour of such a thing, if it be possible, the arguments are


s: Some invention, which should bring the might of machinery in a


s: As a register of _facts--as a portrayer of men, singly, or


s: assembled--and as a depicter of actual scenery, art is biography,


s: Art is a regenerator as well as a copyist. As the historian, who


s: self-consistency is the only nature requisite in works purely


s: representers, some of them great illustrators and composers, and,


s: The Art Union has done a great deal. It has helped to support in


s: The Repeal Association, too, in offering prizes for pictures and


s: contended for. If those who are not Repealers will treat the


s: The Cork School of Art owes its existence to many causes.


s: In the countries where art is permanent there are great


s: collections--Tuscany and Rome, for example. But, as we have said


s: before, the highest service done by success in art is not in the


s: capital has no school of art--no facilities for acquiring it.


s: When a few of these casts are got together, and a proper gallery


s: National art is conversant with national subjects. We have Irish


s: historically exact, and the manners, appearance, and rank of the


s: The references are vague, but perhaps sufficient.


s: The Landing of the Milesians.--Keating, Moore's Melodies.


s: Ollamh Fodhla Presenting his Laws to his People. Keating's,


s: Moore's, and O'Halloran's Histories of Ireland.--Walker's Irish


s: Dress and Arms, and Vallancey's Collectanea.


s: A Druid's Augury.--Moore, O'Halloran, Keating.


s: The Burial of King Dathy in the Alps, his thinned troops laying


s: St. Patrick brought before the Druids at Tara.--Moore and his


s: The First Landing of the Danes.--See Invasion, Moore, etc.


s: Murkertach Returning to Aileach.--Archæological Society's Tracts.


s: Brian Reconnoitring the Danes before Clontarf.


s: O'Ruare's Return.--Keating, Moore's Melodies.


s: Roderick in Conference with the Normans.--Moore, M'Geoghegan.


s: O'Brien, O'Connor, and M'Carthy making Peace to attack the


s: O'Conor's Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores.


s: Irish Chiefs leaving Prince John.--Moore, etc.


s: M'Murrough and Gloster.--Harris's Hibernica, p. 53.


s: Crowning of Edward Bruce.--Leland, Grace's Annals, etc.


s: Edgecombe Vainly Trying to Overawe Kildare.--Harris's Hibernica.


s: Shane O'Neill at Elizabeth's Court.--Leland.


s: The Battle of the Red Coats.--O'Sullivan's Catholic History.


s: The Corleius.--Dymmok's Treatise, Archæological Society's Tracts.


s: The Brehon before the English Judges.--Davis's Letter to Lord


s: Ormond Refusing to give up his Sword.--Carte's Life of Ormond.


s: Owen Conolly before the Privy Council, 1641.--Carey's Vindiciæ.


s: The Battle of Julianstown.--Temple's Rebellion, and Tichbourne's


s: Owen Roe Organising the Creaghts.--Carte, and also Belling and


s: Smoking Out the Irish.--Ludlow's Memoirs.


s: Nagle before the Privy Council.--Harris's William.


s: James's Entry into Dublin.--Dublin Magazine for March, 1843.


s: Sir S. Rice Pleading against the Violation of the Treaty of


s: Limerick.--Staunton's Collection of Tracts on Ireland.


s: Liberty Boys Reading a Drapier's Letter.--Mason's St. Patrick's


s: Curran Pleading before the Council in Alderman James's Case.


s: The Belfast Club.--Madden's U. I., Second Series, vol. i.


s: O'Connell Speaking in a Munster Chapel.--Wyse's Association.


s: The language, which grows up with a people, is conformed to their


s: What business has a Russian for the rippling language of Italy or


s: delicate-organed Celt to abandon his beautiful tongue, docile and


s: council-hill, and shouted in the battle-charge.


s: There is a fine song of the Fusians, which describes


s: There was, also, 'tis to be feared, an adoption of English names,


s: But this is not all; for even the Saxon and Norman colonists,


s: But, it will be asked, how can the language be restored now?


s: For _you_, if the mixed speech called English was laid with


s: sweetmeats on your child's tongue, English is the best speech of


s: parishes, the baronies and counties around you, have all Irish


s: The want of modern scientific words in Irish is undeniable, and


s: Archæological Society makes us hope that they will have sense and


s: 'Bright water' is the true rendering: Could Davis have been


s: The consequence, of course, is that none of them flourish as they


s: And first there is the Hibernian Academy. It was founded in 1823,


s: instruct the proficient; it should apply itself to cataloguing,


s: Exhibition Rooms for works of art--business-like Lecturers and


s: aristocracy and the public offices, giving society and support to


s: mission (oftenest the work of love) to startle a sleeping and


s: We have already censured this in some detail with reference to


s: societies for the promotion of the Fine Arts, and have urged the


s: Architecture, with a Museum, a Library, a Gallery, and Lecturers,


s: The Irish Academy has some of this fault. It endeavours to unite


s: antiquarianism and abstract science. Its meetings are alternately


s: Let us just set down, as we find them, some of the Literary and


s: In the first place, we would divorce from the Irish Academy the


s: Academy to antiquities and literature--incorporate with it the


s: This third body we would form from a union of the Zoological, the


s: But an Irish lord can represent an English constituency. The


s: There is no position to match this in shame. There is no guilt so


s: knowledge that we cannot be betrayed. There is no assurance every


s: The writers of _The Nation_ have never concealed the defects or


s: This last is the most anti-Irish of all. They feel no personal


s: But a more important comparison may be made of the strength, the


s: His consolations are those of a spirit--his misery includes all


s: you--their huts, their hunger, their disease.


s: christening--makes you romp with the girls, and race with the


s: _Tales and Sketches illustrating the Irish Peasantry._ By


s: difference between them. A German rarely comes here who has not


s: And now, reader, in this fine soft summer, when the heather is


s: Had a strong desire come upon you to toil over the glacier, whose


s: Glenmalure and Barnesmore are deep as Chamouni, and Carn Tual and


s: these descents of foreign rivers in my recollection, _I think the


s: that can be produced by the elements that enter into the


s: picturesque and the beautiful--deep shades, bold rocks, verdant


s: slopes, with the triumphs of art superadded, and made visible in


s: Varied and noble as our music is, the English-speaking people in


s: In former editions of the _Spirit_ we had thrown in carelessly


s: Duffy's--and, in a pecuniary way, it is his altogether.


s: A splendid edition of this work, greatly enlarged, and printed


s: The artist referred to was Sir Frederick Burton. [Ed.]


s: administration, or disgusted by their dulness.


s: "With a few exceptions, all the translations we are acquainted


s: with, in addition to having abundance of minor faults, are


s: sometimes a mastery over the English language. The Irish scholars


s: foreign tongue with the care essential to master its metrical


s: 'Like Saul's plate armour on the shepherd boy,


s: If it were just to estimate our bardic poetry by the specimens we


s: subtle and profound thoughts, which no translation could entirely


s: character of the originals. Like the costly arms and ornaments


s: found in our bogs, they are substantial witnesses of a distinct


s: ancient _torques_ and _skians_ by their embedment in the mud.


s: undisputed precedence in our national minstrelsy."


s: translations by him, exhibiting eminently his perfect mastery of


s: "And plant a wild wreath from the banks of the river


s: O'er the heart and the harp that are sleeping for ever."


s: But we are wrong in speaking of Mr. Ferguson's translations in


s: precisely the same way. His "Wicklow War Song" is condensed,


s: "'Come, tell me, dearest mother, what makes my father stay,


s: Or what can be the reason that he's so long away?'


s: Oh! 'hold your tongue, my darling son, your tears do grieve me


s: I fear he has been murdered in the fair of Turloughmore.'"


s: We must quote some stray verses from "Willy Gilliland":--


s: "Up in the mountain solitudes, and in a rebel ring,


s: He has worshipped God upon the hill, in spite of church and king;


s: For comely Claverhouse has come along with grim Dalzell,


s: "His blithe work done, upon a bank the outlaw rested now,


s: And laid the basket from his back, the bonnet from his brow;


s: And there, his hand upon the Book, his knee upon the sod,


s: He filled the lonely valley with the gladsome word of God;


s: And for a persecuted kirk, and for her martyrs dear,


s: And against a godless church and king he spoke up loud and clear.


s: "'My bonny mare! I've ridden you when Claver'se rode behind,


s: And from the thumbscrew and the boot you bore me like the wind;


s: "His fishing-rod with both his hands he gripped it as he spoke,


s: But, grasping the tough hickory butt, with spike of iron shod,


s: Among the Collection are Colonel Blacker's famous Orange ballad,


s: "Oliver's Advice" ("Put your trust in God, my boys, but keep your


s: falling, He rein'd his horse, with a heavy heart, on the


s: Enniskilleners calling; 'What will you do for me, brave boys? see


s: the sentiments of a strong, vehement, and indomitable body of


s: On the language of most of the ballads Mr. Duffy says:--


s: "Many of them, and generally the best, are just as essentially


s: Irish as if they were written in Gaelic. They could have grown


s: unconsciously reproduce the spirit of those poets better than any


s: day, has enabled them to infuse the ancient and hereditary spirit


s: stammering its passionate grief and hatred in a strange tongue,


s: highest duties of history, and these are best taught by a Ballad


s: preserved. We shall have more to say on this in speaking of our


s: While, then, we counsel burdens in Historical Ballads, we would


s: "Press where ye see my white plume shine, amid the ranks of war,


s: And be your Oriflamme to-day the helmet of Navarre."


s: In the old ballads this would be printed in four lines, of eight


s: "Press where ye see my white plume shine,


s: So Macaulay himself prints this metre in some of his Roman Lays.


s: fourteen-syllable line is that in eleven syllables, such as "Mary


s: Assuming that the morsels given in O'Reilly's catalogue of Irish


s: We may remark, in passing, that on no hypothesis did these same


s: political lyrics, and we cannot doubt that, if translated into


s: Here, we would give two cautions. First--that the airs in Moore's


s: The tune will, of course, fix the number of lines in a verse.


s: Frequently the number and order of the lines can be varied. Three


s: Talking of double rhymes, they are peculiarly fitted for strong


s: gravity, and have double accents. The more familiar English words


s: In strong and firm tunes, having a syllable for every note is a


s: The sound of the air will always show the current of thought, its


s: Iberno-Celtic Society_ be at any loss for them.


s: Of course, different men and different moods will produce various


s: This essay, together with another of less value, was reprinted


s: from _The Nation_ by M. J. Barry as an introduction to his "Songs


s: It is not in the name of a kingdom, nor in the formalities of


s: administration--all the desks, and ledgers, and powers of Downing


s: re-organise it in three days; for the mechanical arts are very


s: Would it not be better for us to be like the Prussians than as we


s: In insisting on education we do not argue against the value of


s: All of us have much to learn, but some of us have much to teach.


s: ambitious, instead of being, like too many in Ireland, ignorant,


s: Munster, the castles of the Pale, the palaces and sepulchres of


s: But let us rather classify pursuits than countries.


s: Then there is the Irish Brigade. From Almanza to Fontenoy, from


s: Vienna, and Madrid, would be a welcomer book than the reiterated


s: libraries of Austria, Russia, and America.


s: But we would not limit men to the study of the past.


s: Our mineral resources and water-power are unused. A collection of


s: While the Gaelic-speaking people of Ireland were restricted to


s: And by the heavenly G---- he'll wear the crown,


s: stockings were wove, how many drunkards were taken up per hour in


s: galvanised them. Thus there has been, from 1842--when the Repeal


s: agitation became serious--an incessant progress in Literature and


s: exclusively, are driven to foreign studies and exposed to alien


s: Of Tone and Grattan--the wisest and most sublime of our last


s: ----  Thirty-two monarchs are said to have reigned between this


s: sovereign and Kimbaoth, who built the Palace of Emania.


s: accompanied by his tutor, Giraldus Cambrensis.


s: ----  Oct. 1--Siege and massacre of Wexford.


s: ----  May 7   } The Irish Parliament summoned by him: met at the


s: February, and 30th May. Liberation, 7th September.


s: oppressed. They did not deny the facts--they did not refute the


s: Legislature of Britain, you shall hear more of it!


s: maintained? The answer is directly given--"England (that is, the


s: English aristocracy) is bigoted," and no Ministry dare give you


s: generous--a struggling one will not and ought not to be so.


s: We are most dishonestly taxed for _your_ debts; the fact was not


s: diminished our taxation after the war thirty times less rapidly.


s: You have a fleet of steamers now--you had none in 1817, says some


s: And this is your answer? We shall see--we shall see!


s: enemies, or the miracles of their chiefs--trust nothing, men of


s: Ireland, but the deep resolve of your own hearts.


s: The People, if they would achieve their aim, must continue their


s: Nor would the success of the accused carry Repeal.


s: But the Queen's Bench is not the imperial Parliament, nor is the


s: Is there any town or district which has not a Temperance Band and


s: Our yet more complete triumphs in the political conflicts of the


s: A People known and regarded abroad will be more dignified, more


s: herself and of the rest of the world. And this renders foreign


s: England's eulogies on herself are as false and extravagant as her


s: The Catholic will see the Protestant states of Prussia, Holland,


s: conscience--leaving every creed to settle its tenets with its


s: intrigues the real well of the bitter woes of Ireland.


s: conscience, an avoidance of polemics, concession to each other,


s: For moral success internal union is essential.


s: Therefore do they and we urge the Repealers to serve notices


s: Stephen's, or to agitate in the Corn Exchange, or wherever else


s: We have also classed morals, ability, and zeal as being quite as


s: requisite as national opinions in a Representative.


s: If our Members were a majority in the House, it might not be very


s: virtuous and unremitting wisdom to make her prosper.


s: These are some of the canons of moral force; and if, as we trust,


s: The People of Ireland have done well in naming the scene of their


s: It intimates the cause of all our misery, and suggests the cure.


s: Prostrated by division, union is our hope.


s: Alas! no--there would still be individual crime and misfortune,


s: Why on earth have so many of the People of Dublin made fools of


s: The withdrawal of the Coach Contracts from Ireland is but


s: another instance of the same spiteful and feeble policy. Messrs.


s: them than of support and comfort to hundreds of families employed


s: remedies for popular suffering are meditating means of popular


s: Why, too, should Munster lead in guilt? Our richest province, our


s: criminal; but 'twould be wisdom and mercy compared with these


s: tracked by danger, and now intimate with crime, a less and a less


s: imaginable creed, or changes it any conceivable number of times.


s: Mr. O'Connell, who had at first seemed to incline to the opposite


s: The last year has been a year of hard work and hard trial to the


s: country and to us. Our first year was spent in rousing and


s: It is something to have laboured through a Second Year for such a


s: "If a British Union cannot be formed, perhaps an Irish one might.


s: give. A hundred thousand Orangemen, with their colours flying,


s: might yet meet a hundred thousand Repealers on the banks of the


s: Boyne; and, on a field presenting so many solemn reminiscences to


s: banner might then be Orange and Green, flying from the Giant's


s: "Such a union, not to be accomplished without concession on all


s: sides, would remove the great offence of Irish Protestants--their


s: would feel themselves by Great Britain, and baptised on the banks


s: establish in its place a covenant of peace."


s: It may not now lead to anything real. Long-suffering, oft-baffled


s: summons another Dungannon Convention to prepare the terms of our


s: "We, the Grand Jury of the county of Fermanagh, being


s: constitutionally assembled at the present assizes, held for the


s: "We _pledge ourselves_ to this our country, that we will never


s: pay obedience to any law made, or to be made, to bind Ireland,


s: except those laws which are and shall be made by the King, Lords,


s: The announcement of this plan was received in the Commons with


s: knowledge, and knit the sects of Ireland in liberal and trusting


s: Let us look into the details of the plan.


s: It grants £100,000 and £18,000 a year for the foundation of three


s: These are the logical consequences of the doctrine of Separate


s: Against the nomination of Professors by Government we protest


s: punishment. Nay, the nomination _would_ be political. Under great


s: The main defect of the Bill is its omitting to deal with Trinity


s: And, from that time, through wildest woe,


s: For freedom comes from God's right hand,


s: The Three Hundred Greeks who died at Thermopylæ, and the


s: Three Romans who kept the Sublician Bridge.


s: The Geraldines! the Geraldines!--'tis full a thousand years


s: Across the downs of Hastings they spurred hard by William's side,


s: But never then, nor thence, till now, has falsehood or disgrace


s: Been seen to soil Fitzgerald's plume, or mantle in his face.


s: The Geraldines! the Geraldines!--'tis true, in Strongbow's van,


s: By lawless force, as conquerors, their Irish reign began;


s: Not often had their children been by Irish mothers nursed;


s: When from their full and genial hearts an Irish feeling burst!


s: The English monarchs strove in vain, by law and force and bribe,


s: To win from Irish thoughts and ways this "more than Irish" tribe;


s: What king dare say to Geraldine, "your Irish wife discard?"


s: Ye Geraldines! ye Geraldines!--how royally ye reigned


s: O'er Desmond broad, and rich Kildare, and English arts disdained:


s: What gorgeous shrines, what _breitheamh_ lore, what minstrel


s: In and around Magh Nuadhaid's keep, and palace-filled Adare!


s: Ye Geraldines! ye Geraldines!--since Silken Thomas flung


s: King Henry's sword on council board, the English thanes among,


s: Ye never ceased to battle brave against the English sway,


s: Though axe and brand and treachery your proudest cut away.


s: And, though Kildare tower haughtily, there's ruin at the root,


s: Else why, since Edward fell to earth, had such a tree no fruit?


s: True Geraldines! brave Geraldines!--as torrents mould the earth,


s: You channelled deep old Ireland's heart by constancy and worth:


s: When Ginckel 'leaguered Limerick, the Irish soldiers gazed


s: To see if in the setting sun dead Desmond's banner blazed!


s: And still it is the peasants' hope upon the Cuirreach's mere,


s: These Geraldines! these Geraldines!--rain wears away the rock


s: And time may wear away the tribe that stood the battle's shock;


s: But ever, sure, while one is left of all that honoured race,


s: In front of Ireland's chivalry is that Fitzgerald's place:


s: And men would say of valour's rise, or ancient power's decline,


s: "'Twill never soar, it never shone, as did the Geraldine."


s: The Geraldines! the Geraldines!--and are there any fears


s: Within the sons of conquerors for full a thousand years?


s: Can treason spring from out a soil bedewed with martyrs' blood?


s: The forms of centuries rise up, and in the Irish line


s: Formerly the war-cry of the Geraldines, and now their motto.


s: The concluding stanza was found among the author's papers, and


s: was inserted in the first edition. It is believed to have had a


s: personal reference, not to any Geraldine but to William Smith


s: See you the mountains look huge at eve--


s: _Ceithearn_ and _buannacht_ are coming here


s: 'Tis scarce a week since through Osairghe


s: Ara is a small mountain tract south of Loch Deirgdheire, and


s: north of the Camailte, or the Keeper, hills. It was the seat of a


s: The summer sun is falling soft on Carbery's hundred isles--


s: And in a calm and sleepy swell the ocean tide is heard;


s: The gossips leave the little inn; the households kneel to pray--


s: And full of love and peace and rest--its daily labour o'er--


s: Upon that cosy creek there lay the town of Baltimore.


s: A deeper rest, a starry trance, has come with midnight there;


s: No sound, except that throbbing wave in earth, or sea, or air.


s: The massive capes and ruined towers seem conscious of the calm;


s: The fibrous sod and stunted trees are breathing heavy balm.


s: All, all asleep within each roof along that rocky street,


s: And these must be the lover's friends, with gently gliding feet--


s: And o'er each black and bearded face the white or crimson shawl--


s: Then flung the youth his naked hand against the shearing sword;


s: Then sprung the mother on the brand with which her son was gored;


s: Mid-summer morn, in woodland nigh, the birds began to sing--


s: They see not now the milking maids--deserted is the spring!


s: Mid-summer day--this gallant rides from distant Bandon's town--


s: Oh! some are for the arsenals, by beauteous Dardanelles;


s: And some are in the caravan to Mecca's sandy dells.


s: The maid that Bandon gallant sought is chosen for the Dey--


s: She's safe--he's dead--she stabbed him in the midst of his Serai;


s: She only smiled--O'Driscoll's child--she thought of Baltimore.


s: 'Tis two long years since sunk the town beneath that bloody band,


s: Where high upon a gallows tree, a yelling wretch is seen--


s: 'Tis Hackett of Dungarvan--he who steered the Algerine!


s: He fell amid a sullen shout, with scarce a passing prayer,


s: For he had slain the kith and kin of many a hundred there--


s: Some muttered of MacMurchadh, who brought the Norman o'er--


s: Some cursed him with Iscariot, that day in Baltimore.


s: Baltimore is a small seaport in the barony of Carbery, in


s: "Did they dare, did they dare, to slay Eoghan Ruadh O'Neill?"


s: "Yes, they slew with poison him they feared to meet with steel."


s: "May God wither up their hearts! May their blood cease to flow!


s: May they walk in living death, who poisoned Eoghan Ruadh!"


s: "Though it break my heart to hear, say again the bitter words.


s: From Derry, against Cromwell, he marched to measure swords:


s: But the weapon of the Sacsanach met him on his way,


s: And he died at Cloch Uachtar, upon St. Leonard's day.


s: "Wail, wail ye for the Mighty One! Wail, wail ye for the Dead!


s: Holy Saviour! but to think we shall never see him more.


s: "Sagest in the council was he, kindest in the hall!


s: Sure we never won a battle--'twas Eoghan won them all.


s: Had he lived--had he lived--our dear country had been free;


s: But he's dead, but he's dead, and 'tis slaves we'll ever be.


s: Audley and MacMahon, ye are valiant, wise, and true;


s: But--what, what are ye all to our darling who is gone?


s: The Rudder of our Ship was he, our Castle's corner stone!


s: "Wail, wail him through the Island! Weep, weep for our pride!


s: Would that on the battle-field our gallant chief had died!


s: Weep the Victor of Beann-bhorbh--weep him, young men and old;


s: Weep for him, ye women--your Beautiful lies cold!


s: "We thought you would not die--we were sure you would not go,


s: And leave us in our utmost need to Cromwell's cruel blow--


s: Sheep without a shepherd, when the snow shuts out the sky--


s: Oh! why did you leave us, Eoghan? Why did you die?


s: "Soft as woman's was your voice, O'Neill! bright was your eye,


s: Your troubles are all over, you're at rest with God on high,


s: Commonly called Owen Roe O'Neill. Time, 10th November, 1649.


s: Scene--Ormond's Camp, County Waterford. Speakers--A veteran of


s: They bribed the flock, they bribed the son,


s: They're gone, they're gone, those penal days!


s: Then grant, O Lord, thy plenteous grace,


s: From Milan to Cremona Duke Villeroy rode,


s: And soft are the beds in his princely abode;


s: In billet and barrack the garrison sleep,


s: And loose is the watch which the sentinels keep:


s: 'Tis the eve of St. David, and bitter the breeze


s: Of that mid-winter night on the flat Cremonese;


s: A fig for precaution!--Prince Eugene sits down


s: In winter cantonments round Mantua town!


s: Yet through Ustiano, and out on the plain,


s: Horse, foot, and dragoons, are defiling amain.


s: "That flash!" said Prince Eugene: "Count Merci, push on"--


s: Like a rock from a precipice Merci is gone.


s: Proud mutters the Prince: "That is Cassioli's sign:


s: Ere the dawn of the morning Cremona'll be mine;


s: But scant is the mercy Prince Vaudemont will shew!"


s: Through gate, street, and square, with his keen cavaliers--


s: A flood through a gulley--Count Merci careers--


s: They ride without getting or giving a blow,


s: Nor halt till they gaze on the gate of the Po.


s: "Surrender the gate!"--but a volley replied,


s: For a handful of Irish are posted inside.


s: By my faith, Charles Vaudemont will come rather late,


s: If he stay till Count Merci shall open that gate!


s: But in through St. Margaret's the Austrians pour,


s: And billet and barrack are ruddy with gore;


s: Unarmed and naked, the soldiers are slain--


s: There's an enemy's gauntlet on Villeroy's rein--


s: "A thousand pistoles and a regiment of horse--


s: Release me, MacDonnell!"--they hold on their course.


s: Count Merci has seized upon cannon and wall,


s: Prince Eugene's headquarters are in the Town-hall!


s: Here and there, through the city, some readier band,


s: For honour and safety, undauntedly stand.


s: At the head of the regiments of Dillon and Burke


s: His sabre is flashing--the major is dress'd,


s: But muskets and shirts are the clothes of the rest!


s: Yet they rush to the ramparts, the clocks have tolled ten,


s: And Count Merci retreats with the half of his men.


s: "In on them!" said Friedberg--and Dillon is broke,


s: Like forest-flowers crushed by the fall of the oak;


s: Through the naked battalions the cuirassiers go;--


s: But the man, not the dress, makes the soldier, I trow


s: Upon them with grapple, with bay'net, and ball,


s: Like wolves upon gaze-hounds, the Irishmen fall--


s: Black Friedberg is slain by O'Mahony's steel,


s: And back from the bullets the cuirassiers reel.


s: Oh! hear you their shout in your quarters, Eugene?


s: In vain on Prince Vaudemont for succour you lean!


s: The bridge has been broken, and, mark! how, pell-mell


s: Come riderless horses, and volley and yell!


s: He's a veteran soldier--he clenches his hands,


s: He springs on his horse, disengages his bands--


s: He rallies, he urges, till, hopeless of aid,


s: He is chased through the gates by the IRISH BRIGADE.


s: News, news, in Vienna!--King Leopold's sad.


s: News, news, in St. James's!--King William is mad.


s: News, news, in Versailles!--"Let the Irish Brigade


s: News, news, in old Ireland!--high rises her pride,


s: And high sounds her wail for her children who died,


s: And deep is her prayer: "God send I may see


s: Bright red is the sun on the waves of Lough Sheelin,


s: A cool, gentle breeze from the mountain is stealing,


s: While fair round its islets the small ripples play,


s: But fairer than all is the Flower of Finae.


s: Her hair is like night, and her eyes like grey morning,


s: She trips on the heather as if its touch scorning,


s: Yet her heart and her lips are as mild as May day,


s: Sweet Eily MacMahon, the Flower of Finae.


s: But who down the hill-side than red deer runs fleeter?


s: And who on the lake-side is hastening to greet her?


s: Who but Fergus O'Farrell, the fiery and gay,


s: The darling and pride of the Flower of Finae?


s: One kiss and one clasp, and one wild look of gladness;


s: Ah! why do they change on a sudden to sadness?--


s: He has told his hard fortune, no more he can stay,


s: He must leave his poor Eily to pine at Finae.


s: For Fergus O'Farrell was true to his sire-land,


s: And the dark hand of tyranny drove him from Ireland;


s: He joins the Brigade, in the wars far away,


s: But he vows he'll come back to the Flower of Finae.


s: He fought at Cremona--she hears of his story;


s: He fought at Cassano--she's proud of his glory.


s: Yet sadly she sings _Siúbhail a rúin_ all the day,


s: "Oh! come, come, my darling, come home to Finae."


s: Eight long years have passed, till she's nigh broken-hearted,


s: Her _reel_, and her _rock_, and her flax she has parted;


s: She sails with the "Wild Geese" to Flanders away,


s: And leaves her sad parents alone in Finae.


s: Lord Clare on the field of Ramillies is charging--


s: Before him, the Sacsanach squadrons enlarging--


s: Behind him the Cravats their sections display--


s: Beside him rides Fergus and shouts for Finae.


s: On the slopes of La Judoigne the Frenchmen are flying


s: Lord Clare and his squadrons the foe still defying,


s: Outnumbered, and wounded, retreat in array;


s: And bleeding rides Fergus and thinks of Finae.


s: In the cloisters of Ypres a banner is swaying,


s: And by it a pale, weeping maiden is praying;


s: That flag's the sole trophy of Ramillies' fray;


s: This nun is poor Eily, the Flower of Finae.


s: The baffled French were forced to yield,


s: The _bearna baoghail_ is still his place,


s: Though first in charge and last in rere,


s: To shame our boasts, or prove them true,


s: And bursting charge of Clare's Dragoons.


s: And charge, till blood floats fetlock-high,


s: The mess-tent is full, and the glasses are set,


s: The veteran stands, like an uplifted lance,


s: Crying--"Comrades, a health to the monarch of France!"


s: With bumpers and cheers they have done as he bade,


s: For King Louis is loved by the Irish Brigade.


s: "A health to King James," and they bent as they quaffed,


s: "Here's to George the _Elector_," and fiercely they laughed,


s: "Good luck to the girls we wooed long ago,


s: Where Shannon and Barrow and Blackwater flow;"


s: "God prosper Old Ireland,"--you'd think them afraid,


s: So pale grew the chiefs of the Irish Brigade.


s: "But, surely, that light cannot come from our lamp,


s: And that noise--are they _all_ getting drunk in the camp?"


s: "Hurrah! boys, the morning of battle is come,


s: And the _générale's_ beating on many a drum."


s: So they rush from the revel to join the parade:


s: For the van is the right of the Irish Brigade.


s: They fought as they revelled, fast, fiery, and true,


s: And, though victors, they left on the field not a few;


s: And they who survived fought and drank as of yore,


s: But the land of their heart's hope they never saw more;


s: For in far foreign fields, from Dunkirk to Belgrade,


s: Lie the soldiers and chiefs of the Irish Brigade.


s: Thrice, at the huts of Fontenoy, the English column failed,


s: And twice the lines of Saint Antoine the Dutch in vain assailed;


s: For town and slope were filled with fort and flanking battery,


s: And well they swept the English ranks and Dutch auxiliary.


s: As vainly, through De Barri's wood, the British soldiers burst,


s: The French artillery drove them back, diminished, and dispersed.


s: The bloody Duke of Cumberland beheld with anxious eye,


s: And ordered up his last reserve, his latest chance to try,


s: On Fontenoy, on Fontenoy, how fast his generals ride!


s: And mustering come his chosen troops, like clouds at eventide.


s: Six thousand English veterans in stately column tread;


s: Their cannon blaze in front and flank, Lord Hay is at their head;


s: Steady they load--steady they fire, moving right onward still,


s: Betwixt the wood and Fontenoy, as through a furnace blast,


s: With ready fire and grim resolve, that mocked at hostile force:


s: Past Fontenoy, past Fontenoy, while thinner grew their ranks--


s: More idly than the summer flies, French tirailleurs rush round;


s: As stubble to the lava tide, French squadrons strew the ground;


s: Bomb-shell and grape and round-shot tore, still on they marched


s: Fast from each volley grenadier and voltigeur retired.


s: "Push on, my household cavalry!" King Louis madly cried:


s: "Not yet, my liege," Saxe interposed, "the Irish troops remain."


s: And Fontenoy, famed Fontenoy, had been a Waterloo


s: Were not these exiles ready then, fresh, vehement, and true.


s: How fierce the look these exiles wear, who're wont to be so gay,


s: The treasured wrongs of fifty years are in their hearts to-day--


s: The treaty broken, ere the ink wherewith 'twas writ could dry,


s: On Fontenoy, on Fontenoy, nor ever yet elsewhere,


s: Rushed on to fight a nobler band than these proud exiles were.


s: O'Brien's voice is hoarse with joy, as, halting, he commands


s: Their bayonets the breakers' foam; like rocks, the men behind!


s: "Revenge, remember Limerick! dash down the Sacsanach!"


s: Like lions leaping at a fold when mad with hunger's pang,


s: Right up against the English line the Irish exiles sprang:


s: Through shattered ranks and severed files the trampled flags they


s: The green hill-side is matted close with dying and with dead.


s: Across the plain, and far away, passed on that hideous wrack,


s: While cavalier and fantassin dash in upon their track.


s: On Fontenoy, on Fontenoy, like eagles in the sun,


s: With bloody plumes, the Irish stand--the field is fought and won!


s: The church of Dungannon is full to the door,


s: And sabre and spur clash at times on the floor,


s: While helmet and shako are ranged all along,


s: Yet no book of devotion is seen in the throng.


s: In the front of the altar no minister stands,


s: But the crimson-clad chief of these warrior bands;


s: And, though solemn the looks and the voices around,


s: You'd listen in vain for a litany's sound.


s: Say! what do they hear in the temple of prayer?


s: Oh! why in the fold has the lion his lair?


s: Sad, wounded, and wan was the face of our isle,


s: By English oppression and falsehood and guile;


s: Yet when to invade it a foreign fleet steered,


s: To guard it for England the North volunteered.


s: From the citizen-soldiers the foe fled aghast--


s: Still they stood to their guns when the danger had passed,


s: For the voice of America came o'er the wave,


s: Crying: Woe to the tyrant, and hope to the slave!


s: Indignation and shame through their regiments speed:


s: They have arms in their hands, and what more do they need?


s: O'er the green hills of Ulster their banners are spread,


s: The cities of Leinster resound to their tread,


s: The valleys of Munster with ardour are stirred,


s: And the plains of wild Connaught their bugles have heard;


s: A Protestant front-rank and Catholic rere--


s: For--forbidden the arms of freemen to bear--


s: Yet foemen and friend are full sure, if need be,


s: The slave for his country will stand by the free.


s: By green flags supported, the Orange flags wave,


s: And the soldier half turns to unfetter the slave!


s: More honoured that church of Dungannon is now,


s: Than when at its altar communicants bow;


s: More welcome to heaven than anthem or prayer


s: Are the rites and the thoughts of the warriors there;


s: In the name of all Ireland the Delegates swore:


s: "We've suffered too long, and we'll suffer no more--


s: Unconquered by Force, we were vanquished by Fraud;


s: And now, in God's temple, we vow unto God


s: That never again shall the Englishman bind


s: His chains on our limbs, or his laws on our mind."


s: The church of Dungannon is empty once more--


s: No plumes on the altar, no clash on the floor,


s: But the councils of England are fluttered to see,


s: In the cause of their country, the Irish agree;


s: So they give as a boon what they dare not withhold,


s: And Ireland, a nation, leaps up as of old,


s: With a name, and a trade, and a flag of her own,


s: And an army to fight for the people and throne.


s: But woe worth the day if to falsehood or fears


s: She surrenders the guns of her brave Volunteers!


s: In Bodenstown Churchyard there is a green grave,


s: And wildly along it the winter winds rave;


s: Small shelter, I ween, are the ruined walls there,


s: When the storm sweeps down on the plains of Kildare.


s: Once I lay on that sod--it lies over Wolfe Tone--


s: And thought how he perished in prison alone,


s: His friends unavenged, and his country unfreed--


s: "Oh, bitter," I said, "is the patriot's meed;


s: "For in him the heart of a woman combined


s: With a heroic life and a governing mind--


s: A martyr for Ireland--his grave has no stone--


s: His name seldom named, and his virtues unknown."


s: I was woke from my dream by the voices and tread


s: Of a band, who came into the home of the dead;


s: They carried no corpse, and they carried no stone,


s: And they stopped when they came to the grave of Wolfe Tone.


s: There were students and peasants, the wise and the brave,


s: And an old man who knew him from cradle to grave,


s: And children who thought me hard-hearted; for they


s: On that sanctified sod were forbidden to play.


s: But the old man, who saw I was mourning there, said:


s: "We come, sir, to weep where young Wolfe Tone is laid,


s: And we're going to raise him a monument, too--


s: A plain one, yet fit for the simple and true."


s: My heart overflowed, and I clasped his old hand,


s: And I blessed him, and blessed every one of his band:


s: "Sweet! sweet! 'tis to find that such faith can remain


s: To the cause, and the man so long vanquished and slain."


s: In Bodenstown Churchyard there is a green grave,


s: And freely around it let winter winds rave--


s: Far better they suit him--the ruin and gloom--


s: Which brightly look through prison bars,


s: Its wealth and name and nature blasting;


s: Nor hide your chains in pleasure's garlands.


s: Though France that gave your exiles bread,


s: Your priests a home, your hopes a station,


s: Or that young land where first was spread


s: Should heed your wrongs some future day,


s: And send you voice or sword to plead 'em,


s: Convulsed like life, then flung to fade--


s: Oh! mark your spirit's royal throbbing--


s: 'Tis Freedom's God that sends such signs,


s: Has a hero died--is a nation's pride in that cold coffin laid?


s: There's a home for the slave where no fetters can bind.


s: Woe, woe to his slayers!"--comes wildly along,


s: With the trampling of feet and the funeral song.


s: Breathe low, and listen, 'tis solemn to hear.


s: Green grow the grass of Fingall on his head;


s: And spring-flowers blossom, 'ere elsewhere appearing,


s: And shamrocks grow thick on the Martyr for Erin.


s: On the feet and the head of the martyred and true."


s: Then muttering and moaning go the crowd,


s: Surging and swaying like mountain cloud,


s: And again the wail comes fearfully loud.


s: Walk slower, walk slower, too soon we shall part.


s: The faithful and pious, the Priest of the Lord,


s: To God with the raised cross appealing--


s: He seems still to kneel, and he seems still to pray,


s: And the sins of the dying seem passing away.


s: "In the prisoner's cell, and the cabin so dreary,


s: Our constant consoler, he never grew weary;


s: Where tyrant and traitor no longer molest--


s: Short was the ritual, simple the prayer,


s: Deep was the silence, and every head bare;


s: The Priest alone standing, they knelt all around,


s: Myriads on myriads, like rocks on the ground.


s: Kneeling and motionless--"Dust unto dust.


s: He died as becometh the faithful and just--


s: Kneeling and motionless--"ashes to ashes"--


s: Hollow the clay on the coffin-lid dashes;


s: Kneeling and motionless, wildly they pray,


s: But they pray in their souls, for no gesture have they;


s: Stern and standing--oh! look on them now.


s: Like trees to one tempest the multitude bow;


s: Like the swell of the ocean is rising their vow:


s: And now he is laid beyond our aid, because to Ireland true--


s: A martyred man--the tyrant's ban, the pious patriot slew.


s: On thrones built up of slaves and slain,


s: "No! round this grave our oath we plight,


s: Like an ebbing sea that will come again,


s: The oath they swore on the martyr's clay.


s: Written on the funeral of the Rev. P. J. Tyrrell, P.P., of


s: Lusk; one of those indicted with O'Connell in the Government


s: Time would have dulled our sense of pain;


s: We spurned the thought, our prison burst,


s: They knew us wronged, they knew us brave,


s: "To break our country's chains, or die;"


s: And, should we quail, that country's name


s: The ruffian wretch who breaks his faith.


s: Thought, courage, patience will prevail!


s: Her frame is bent--her wounds are deep--


s: While none can rule with kinglier pride;


s: Like fair flowers through a flooded stream,


s: Bright,--'mid the solemn darkness, bright.


s: Shine through the statesman's anxious face--


s: And headlong Sarsfield's sword of flame;


s: Full often when our fathers saw the Red above the Green,


s: They rose in rude but fierce array, with sabre, pike and _scian_,


s: They proudly set the Irish Green above the English Red.


s: But in the end throughout the land, the shameful sight was seen--


s: And they who saw, in after times, the Red above the Green


s: Were withered as the grass that dies beneath a forest screen;


s: Yet often by this healthy hope their sinking hearts were fed,


s: That, in some day to come, the Green should flutter o'er the Red.


s: And 'twas for this that Owen fought, and Sarsfield nobly bled--


s: Because their eyes were hot to see the Green above the Red.


s: So when the strife began again, our darling Irish Green


s: Was down upon the earth, while high the English Red was seen;


s: Yet still we held our fearless course, for something in us said,


s: "Before the strife is o'er you'll see the Green above the Red."


s: And leave our sons sweet Liberty, and smiling plenty spread


s: Above the land once dark with blood--_the Green above the Red_!


s: The jealous English tyrant now has banned the Irish Green,


s: And forced us to conceal it like a something foul and mean;


s: But yet, by Heavens! he'll sooner raise his victims from the dead


s: And, freely as we lift our hands, we vow our blood to shed


s: Once and for evermore to raise the Green above the Red.


s: The troops live not on earth would stand


s: We'll lift the Green more proud and airy--


s: Though Britain boasts her British hosts,


s: There lake and plain smile fair and free,


s: But, hark! some voice like thunder spake:


s: "_The West's awake! the West's awake!_"--


s: We'll watch till death for Erin's sake!"


s: If 'twere not for your lightning swords--


s: What prophets preached the truth so well


s: God guard the creed these heroes taught--


s: That blood-bought Freedom's cheaply bought


s: Yet, 'tis not strength and 'tis not steel


s: Till comes the time for passion's sway--


s: We cursed their greed for blood and gain,


s: We heed not blood, nor creed, nor clan--


s: Written in reply to some very beautiful verses printed in the


s: _Evening Mail_, deprecating and defying the assumed hostility


s: Ireland! rejoice, and England! deplore--


s: 'Twas a low voice, but 'tis a loud roar,


s: Wave them together o'er mountain and bay.


s: Rusty the swords our fathers unsheathed--


s: Long did we till the wrath they bequeathed,


s: For Orange and Green will carry the day!


s: Hounding our passions to make us their prey;


s: And Orange and Green will carry the day!


s: Fruitful our soil where honest men starve;


s: Ruined and rent by the Englishman's sway;


s: Bigots and knaves are scattered like spray--


s: Sweet thoughts, bright dreams, my comfort be,


s: Though ragged her gown, and naked her feet,


s: No lady in Ireland to match her is meet.


s: Yet a monarch might kneel for a glance of her eyes.


s: The child of a peasant--yet England's proud Queen


s: Has less rank in her heart, and less grace in her mien.


s: Her brow 'neath her raven hair gleams, just as if


s: A breaker spread white 'neath a shadowy cliff--


s: And love, and devotion, and energy speak


s: From her beauty-proud eye, and her passion-pale cheek.


s: But, pale as her cheek is, there's fruit on her lip,


s: And her teeth flash as white as the crescent moon's tip,


s: And her form and her step like the red-deer's go past--


s: As lightsome, as lovely, as haughty, as fast.


s: I saw her but once, and I looked in her eye,


s: And she knew that I worshipped in passing her by;


s: The saint of the wayside--she granted my prayer,


s: Though we spoke not a word, for her mother was there.


s: I never can think upon Bantry's bright hills,


s: But her image starts up, and my longing eye fills;


s: And I whisper her softly, "Again, love, we'll meet!


s: And I'll lie in your bosom, and live at your feet."


s: There flows from her spirit such love and delight,


s: That the face of Blind Mary is radiant with light--


s: As the gleam from a homestead through darkness will show


s: Or the moon glimmer soft through the fast falling snow.


s: Yet there's a keen sorrow comes o'er her at times,


s: As an Indian might feel in our northerly climes!


s: And she talks of the sunset, like parting of friends,


s: And the starlight, as love, that not changes nor ends.


s: Ah! grieve not, sweet maiden, for star or for sun,


s: For the mountains that tower or the rivers that run--


s: For beauty and grandeur, and glory, and light,


s: Are seen by the spirit, and not by the sight.


s: In vain for the thoughtless are sunburst and shade,


s: In vain for the heartless flowers blossom and fade;


s: While the darkness that seems your sweet being to bound


s: Is one of the guardians, an Eden around!


s: Than the Squires of the county could do.


s: _Vulgo_, Owen, a name frequent among the Cymry (Welsh).


s: Oh! love is more fair than the moonlight,


s: Yet not there--nor in Greece, though I love it more,


s: In the wolf or the vulture my grave shall I find?


s: Shall my ashes career on the world-seeing wind?


s: Shall they fling my corpse in the battle mound,


s: Where coffinless thousands lie under the ground?


s: For I love the drip of the wetted trees--


s: I love not the gales, but a gentle breeze


s: To freshen the turf--put no tombstone there,


s: But green sods decked with daisies fair;


s: The matted grass-roots may trickle through.


s: Be my epitaph writ on my country's mind,


s: Our camp fires shone bright on the mountain


s: While we stood by our guns in the morning,


s: For we knew that the stars on our banner


s: And that blessings from Northland would greet us


s: And we strewed the wild hills of Resaca--


s: But the East and the West bore our standard


s: But we paused not to weep for the fallen


s: Yet we twined them wreaths of the laurel


s: When Sherman said, "Boys, you are weary;


s: And the stars on our banner shone brighter


s: Used by permission of S. Brainard's Sons.


s: Bring the good old bugle, boys, we'll sing another song,


s: Sing it with the spirit that will start the world along,--


s: Sing it as we used to sing it, fifty thousand strong,


s: Hurrah! hurrah! the flag that makes you free!"


s: So we sang the chorus from Atlanta to the sea


s: How the darkies shouted when they heard the joyful sound!


s: How the turkeys gobbled which our commissary found!


s: How the sweet potatoes even started from the ground,


s: While we were marching through Georgia!--CHORUS.


s: Yes, and there were Union men who wept with joyful tears


s: When they saw the honored flag they had not seen for years;


s: Hardly could they be restrained from breaking forth in cheers


s: While we were marching through Georgia.--CHORUS.


s: "Sherman's dashing Yankee boys will never reach the coast!"


s: So the saucy rebel said, and 'twas a handsome boast;


s: Had they not forgotten, alas! to reckon with the host,


s: So we made a thoroughfare for Freedom and her train,


s: Sixty miles in latitude,--three hundred to the main,


s: Treason fled before us, for resistance was in vain,


s: When the bright sun that tints them crimson